I = ∫ 0 ∞ ( 1 + x 2 ) 3 ( ln x ) 4 d x
It is given that I above can be expressed in the form of C A π B + F D π E , where A , B , C , D , E and F are positive integers that satisfy g cd ( A , C ) = g cd ( D , F ) = 1 . Find the value of A + B + C + D + E + F .
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First, we consider the substitution x = tan θ so that d θ d x = sec 2 θ , and the integral becomes I = ∫ 0 ∞ ( 1 + x 2 ) 3 ln 4 x d x = ∫ 0 2 π ln 4 ( tan θ ) cos 4 θ d θ . Then, since ln 4 ( tan θ ) = = ( ln ( sin θ ) − ln ( cos θ ) ) 4 ln 4 ( sin θ ) + 4 ln 3 ( sin θ ) ln ( cos θ ) + 6 ln 2 ( cos θ ) ln 2 ( sin θ ) + 4 ln ( sin θ ) ln 3 ( cos θ ) + ln 4 ( cos θ ) , we have I = = ∫ 0 2 π ( ln 4 ( sin θ ) + 4 ln 3 ( sin θ ) ln ( cos θ ) + 6 ln 2 ( cos θ ) ln 2 ( sin θ ) + 4 ln ( sin θ ) ln 3 ( cos θ ) + ln 4 ( cos θ ) ) cos 4 θ d θ ∫ 0 2 π ln 4 ( sin θ ) cos 4 θ d θ + ∫ 0 2 π 4 ln 3 ( sin θ ) ln ( cos θ ) cos 4 θ d θ + ∫ 0 2 π 6 ln 2 ( cos θ ) ln 2 ( sin θ ) cos 4 θ d θ + ∫ 0 2 π 4 ln ( sin θ ) ln 3 ( cos θ ) cos 4 θ d θ + ∫ 0 2 π ln 4 ( cos θ ) cos 4 θ d θ . Now, we look at each individual integrals: it seems that we can use Beta function to calculate it. However, this is a long and arduous process, so I will not show all the intermediate calculations. Anyways, by applying Beta function, the integral becomes I = = 3 2 1 [ ∂ x 4 ∂ 4 B ( x , y ) + 4 × ∂ x 3 ∂ y ∂ 4 B ( x , y ) + 6 × ∂ x 2 ∂ y 2 ∂ 4 B ( x , y ) + 4 × ∂ x ∂ y 3 ∂ 4 B ( x , y ) + ∂ y 4 ∂ 4 B ( x , y ) ] x = 2 1 , y = 2 5 1 6 3 π 3 + 2 5 6 1 5 π 5 .
Thus, A = 3 , B = 3 , C = 1 6 , D = 1 5 , E = 5 , F = 2 5 6 , giving the final answer as 2 9 8 .
Note: this solution is extremely tedious and time-consuming, any better and more elegant solutions than this are welcomed. Thanks.
Complex analysis would somewhat reduce the efforts , I can't figure out any more shorter real methods to evaluate this.
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We can use beta functions another way, noting that the integral is equal to f ′ ′ ′ ′ ( 0 ) , where f ( a ) = ∫ 0 ∞ ( 1 + x 2 ) 3 x a d x = 2 1 B ( 2 a + 1 , 2 5 − a ) = 4 1 Γ ( 2 a + 1 ) Γ ( 2 5 − a ) obtaining, after much simplification that the integral is 1 6 3 π 3 + 2 5 6 1 5 π 5 which makes the answer 2 9 8 .