x → 0 lim ( x ! ) x 1 = ?
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Exactly the same approach!!!
L = x → 0 lim ( x ! ) x 1 = exp ( x → 0 lim x x ! − 1 ) = exp ( x → 0 lim x Γ ( x + 1 ) − 1 ) = exp ( x → 0 lim 1 Γ ( x + 1 ) ψ ( x + 1 ) ) = exp ( 0 ! ψ ( 1 ) ) = e − γ ≈ 0 . 5 6 1 A 1 ∞ case, ⟹ x → a lim f ( x ) h ( x ) = e lim x → a h ( x ) ( f ( x ) − 1 ) A 0 / 0 case, L’H o ˆ pital’s rule applies Γ ( ⋅ ) denotes the gamma function Differentiate up and down w.r.t. x Digamma function ψ ( 1 ) = − γ , where Euler-Mascheroni constant γ ≈ 0 . 5 7 7 2
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Very nice use of the identity in the first blue line. Thank you.
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x → 0 lim x x ! = exp ( x → 0 lim x lo g e x ! ) = exp ( x → 0 lim x lo g e Γ ( x + 1 ) ) we apply L-hopital's rule to get exp ( x → 0 lim Γ ( x + 1 ) Γ ( x + 1 ) ⋅ ψ ( x + 1 ) ) = e ψ ( 1 ) = e − γ ≈ 0 . 5 6 1
From the series representation of the Digamma function we have ψ ( s + 1 ) = − γ + n = 1 ∑ ∞ ( n 1 − n + s 1 ) setting s = 0 we have ψ ( 1 ) = − γ