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Calculus Level 5

Let F F be the set of all continuous, real-valued functions which are solutions to:

[ f ( x ) ] 2 = 0 x [ f ( t ) f ( t ) f ( t ) f ( t ) 1 ] d t + 100 [f(x)]^2 = \int_{0}^{x} [f(t)f'(t)-f(t)-f'(t)-1] dt + 100

Evaluate: 1 F f ( x ) F f ( 100 ) \frac{1}{|F|}\sum_{f(x) \in F} |f(100)|


Details and Assumptions:


The answer is 100.

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1 solution

Brandon Monsen
Aug 10, 2017

Two functions are equal if and only if they share a point and their derivatives are equal.

Applying this principle, we check that the L H S LHS at x = 0 x=0 is the same as the R H S RHS :

[ f ( 0 ) ] 2 = 0 0 [ f ( t ) f ( t ) f ( t ) f ( t ) 1 ] d t + 100 = 100 [f(0)]^{2} = \int_{0}^{0} [f(t)f'(t)-f(t)-f'(t)-1] dt + 100 = 100

So f ( 0 ) = ± 10 f(0)=\pm 10 .

Now, checking that their derivatives are equal:

2 f ( x ) f ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( x ) 1 [ f ( x ) + 1 ] [ f ( x ) + 1 ] = 0 2f(x)f'(x) = f(x)f'(x)-f(x)-f'(x)-1 \Rightarrow [f(x)+1][f'(x)+1]=0

And so f ( x ) = 1 f(x)=-1 or f ( x ) = 1 f'(x)=-1 . This gives f ( x ) = 1 , c 1 x f(x)=-1, c_{1}-x

Using what we know about f ( 0 ) f(0) , we reject f ( x ) = 1 f(x)=-1 , and get that c 1 = ± 10 c_{1}=\pm 10 . We end up with:

f ( x ) = 10 x , f ( x ) = 10 x f(x) = 10-x, \quad f(x)=-10-x

Hence, F = 2 |F|=2 and our sum is 1 2 ( 90 + 110 ) = 100 \frac{1}{2}(90+110)=\boxed{100}

We can also reject all piecewise functions consisting of a combination of these three functions, since combining the constant function with any of the other linear functions will result in a function that is not differentiable at some point. Also, combining the two non-constant functions will cause the resulting function to be discontinuous

You need to observe that "hybrid" solution attempts like f ( x ) = { 10 x x < 11 1 x 11 f(x) \; = \; \left\{ \begin{array}{lll} 10-x & \hspace{1cm} & x < 11 \\ -1 & & x \ge 11 \end{array} \right. fail because of lack of differentiability (at x = 11 x=11 in this case).

Mark Hennings - 3 years, 10 months ago

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Yes thank you I totally forgot about that. I've added;

We can also reject all piecewise functions consisting of a combination of these three functions, since combining the constant function with any of the other linear functions will result in a function that is not differentiable at some point. Also, combining the two non-constant functions will cause the resulting function to be discontinuous

Brandon Monsen - 3 years, 10 months ago

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