128 = 125 + 3

Algebra Level 2

Find the least integer n n such that 5 n > 1 0 28 5^n>10^{28} .

37 42 41 40

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13 solutions

5 n > 1 0 28 5^{n} > 10^{28}

5 n > ( 5 × 2 ) 28 5^{n} > (5 \times 2)^{28}

5 n > 5 28 × 2 28 5^{n} > 5^{28} \times 2^{28}

5 n 28 > 2 28 5^{n-28} > 2^{28}

Note that 5 3 < 2 7 5^{3} < 2^{7} .

Have both sides multiplied to the fourth power, then 5 12 < 2 28 5^{12} < 2^{28} .

Therefore, 5 13 > 2 28 5^{13} > 2^{28}

Since n - 28 = 13, then n = 41

nice man! i didnt think of this and tried logs! :D

Ajmal Siddiqui - 7 years, 5 months ago

If a < b, than how can we say 5a > b .. Above, a = 5^12 and b = 2^28

Vineet Singla - 7 years, 5 months ago

This was my original intent :)

Matthew Fan - 7 years, 5 months ago

I simply used a calculator, put in all the options successively :)

Aun Abbas Jaffery - 7 years, 4 months ago

Just because 5 12 < 2 28 5^{12}<2^{28} doesn't mean that 5 13 > 2 28 5^{13}>2^{28} . To complete your proof, state that 5 4 > 2 7 5^4>2^7 and multiply the inequalities 5 4 5 3 5 3 5 3 = 5 13 > 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 = 2 28 5^4\cdot5^3\cdot5^3\cdot5^3=5^{13}>2^7\cdot2^7\cdot2^7\cdot2^7=2^{28} .

Cody Johnson - 7 years, 3 months ago

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Why would the 5 4 > 2 7 5^{4} > 2^{7} statement be enough? It doesn't seem it covers it fully. I'm not sure there's a proof that goes directly to 13 as a sum to the 28. One way to do this would be to note that 5 14 > 2 28 5^{14} > 2^{28} since 2 28 = ( 2 2 ) 14 = 4 14 2^{28} = (2^{2})^{14} = 4^{14} and 5 > 4 5 > 4 . Then you're left with either 13 or 14, and you can calculate to test it.

Felipe Perestrelo - 5 years, 10 months ago

A very nice solution

Devesh Rai - 7 years, 5 months ago

nice

Tirtham Mukherjee - 7 years, 5 months ago

what a romantic solution! :))

Brandon Chow - 7 years, 5 months ago

i was near just stuck at 5th step :(

Saloni Baweja - 7 years, 5 months ago

i too tried logs

Divya Sitani - 7 years, 5 months ago

good one...

Amlan Mishra - 7 years, 5 months ago

I have tried for 5^1>2^2.. Damn!!!

Saikat Chakrabortty - 7 years, 4 months ago

really very nice...the only catch in this reasoning is that if a^x>b and a^y>b, then equating x and y would fail if we deal with rational numbers.

kalyan pakala - 7 years, 4 months ago

I never thought that this problem could be solved so easily.

Partho Kunda - 7 years, 4 months ago

It's great.

A Former Brilliant Member - 7 years, 4 months ago

nice one!!!!!!!!

Suyash Mishra - 7 years, 2 months ago

I wrote a problem almost exactly like this, except it actually used logarithms. Nice solution, though. :)

Asher Joy - 7 years ago

Jaja damm.... I did the same but imao I did It wrong at the end haha I though it was 42 haha I got it bad because I didn't pay attention.

Axel Ordóñez - 5 years, 10 months ago

i try logs, but i dont know how much log0.4 is.So.........

Wang Yi - 5 years, 10 months ago
Raghav Dua
Dec 22, 2013

We simply apply the logarithmic method.

so,

5^n > 10^28

(log both the sides)

= log (5^n) > log (10^28)

= n (log 5) > 28

= n > 28 / (log 5)

= n > 40.0589...

Therefore, n = 41 is the minimum

Good.

Soham Dibyachintan - 7 years, 5 months ago

You need to note the monotonicity of the logarithm function to verify the transformation of the inequality.

Cody Johnson - 7 years, 3 months ago

great lol

Kishore Kumar - 7 years, 5 months ago

Taking log 10 of both sides, we have n log 5 > 28 log 10 = 28 n > 28 log 5 n \log 5>28 \log 10=28 \Rightarrow n>\frac{28}{\log 5} . Since log 5 \log 5 is just nearly under 7 10 \frac{7}{10} , we have n > 40. s o m e n>40.some , so the least integer that satisfies this is 40. s o m e \lceil 40.some \rceil , which is creary (hopefully?) 41 \boxed{41}

(Note that an exacter (?) value of log 5 \log 5 can be found using a calculator, and that it is a good idea to memorise that log 5 \log 5 is slightly under 7 10 \frac{7}{10} (if you haven't already))

A Joshi
Dec 22, 2013

For 5^n > 10^ 28, we require n log 5 > 28( log 10 ) > 28 * 1 therefore n > 28/log 5 > 28/.7 > 40 Therefore smallest n = 41

Budi Utomo
Dec 22, 2013

5^n>〖10〗^28 5^n>2^28.5^28 5^n/5^28 >2^28 5^(n-28)>〖〖(2〗^2)〗^14 5^(n-28)>4^14 Because 5^13>4^14. So n – 28 = 13, Thus n = 13 + 28 = 41. Answer : 41

I found a way to improve this solution a bit..The title of the question solves the problem.

5 n > 1 0 28 5 n > 5 28 2 28 5^n>10^{28}\implies 5^n>5^{28}\cdot 2^{28}

This implies that we are looking for a k k such that

5 k > 2 28 = ( 2 7 ) 4 = ( 128 ) 4 = ( 125 + 3 ) 4 = ( 5 3 + 3 ) 4 = ( 5 12 + 4 5 9 3 + 6 5 6 3 2 + 4 5 3 3 3 + 3 4 ) 5^k>2^{28}=(2^7)^4=(128)^4=(125+3)^4=(5^3+3)^4= (5^{12}+4*5^9*3+6*5^6*3^2+ 4*5^3*3^3+3^4)

This considerably reduces the number of cases to check,as the left hand side must be greater than the first term of the expansion( 5 12 ) 5^{12}) .

Rahul Saha - 7 years, 5 months ago

I did in the same way.. :)

Manish Mishra - 7 years, 5 months ago

By taking log on both the sides, we get

n log5 > 28 log10

n*log5 > 28

n > 28 / log5

n > 40.2

Hence n = 41

Ahmed Magdy
Jan 8, 2014

Let 5^n=10^28 then take Lin for both sides .. you will get n * lin 5=28 * lin 10 then n = 40.05894363 add (0.94105637) to get the integer of 41

just added all digits found above of the question "128=125+3". Its 1+2+8+1+2+5+3=22. Then, just count from the top to bottom until reaching 22. Voila, click the answer and got it. :)

Khaled Mohamed
Feb 13, 2014

5^{n} > 10^{28) Take log for both sides

nlog5 > 28log10 divide by log5 (log10 = 1)

n > 28/{log5} which is approximately equals 40

then the least integer value of n = 41

Parth Kohli
Jan 20, 2014

Take the log \log of both sides to the base 10 10 . We have n log ( 5 ) > 28 n > 28 log ( 5 ) n > 40.05 n \log (5) > 28 \Rightarrow n > \dfrac{28}{\log(5)} \Rightarrow n > 40.05\cdots . The least integer satisfying this is 41 \boxed{41} .

Sujay Jadhav
Jan 14, 2014

Taking 28th root and log to the base 10 on both sides we get n>28/log5. log5 is approx. 0.69 hence n>40..

Lucas Tell Marchi
Jan 10, 2014

Well, obviously 5 n > 1 0 28 5 n 28 > 2 28 5^{n} > 10^{28} \Rightarrow 5^{n-28} > 2^{28} . Now, if we apply the natural log function on both sides we get

n = 28 + ln 2 28 ln 5 = 41 n = \left \lceil 28 + \frac{\ln2^{28}}{\ln5} \right \rceil = 41

Sourav Chaudhuri
Dec 22, 2013

Take log to base 10 on both sides, thus n*0.6990>28. With a reasonable degree of approximation we can see n=41 or 40 which can be checked in the event of uncertainty yielding n=41

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