14 14 all the way ...

What is the last digit of 14 14 14 \uparrow\uparrow 14


See Knuth's up-arrow notation for details of the terminology.

4 6 2 8

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3 solutions

. .
Feb 14, 2021

The last digit of 1 4 14 14 14 {{{{14^{14}}^{14}}^{14}}^{\cdots}} is 6 \boxed{6} because 1 4 1 = 4 , 1 4 2 = 6 , 1 4 3 = 4 , 1 4 4 = 6 , 14^{1} = 4, 14^{2} = 6, 14^{3} = 4, 14^{4} = 6, \cdots . Thus, the answer must be 6 \boxed{6} .

14 14 m e a n s 14 14 14 14 . . . 14\upuparrows 14\quad means\quad { 14 }^{ { 14 }^{ { 14 }^{ 14{ . }^{ . } } } }. Clearly, if we look at the occurrence pattern of 14 14 , we see that if the power of 14 14 is even, the unit's digit is 6 6 and if the power is odd, the unit's digit is 4 4 .

From the question, the power of the first base 14 14 , is clearly even. So, the unit's digit will definitely be 6 6 .

14 14 = 1 4 14 13 14 \uparrow\uparrow 14 = 14^{14 \uparrow\uparrow 13}

The exponent is thus 1 4 a 14^a where a a is an integer greater than 1. Hence, 1 4 a = 0 m o d 4 14^a = 0 \mod 4

Therefore, 1 4 1 4 a m o d 10 = 4 4 m o d 10 = 6 14^{14^a} \mod 10 = 4^4 \mod 10 = \boxed{6}

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