16.12

Algebra Level 3

n = 0 2016 n 2 + n + 1 n 3 + n 2 + 1 = ? \large \sum_{n=0}^{2016} \left \lfloor \dfrac{ n^2 + n+ 1}{n^3 + n^2+1} \right \rfloor = \, ?


The answer is 2.

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1 solution

James Wilson
Jan 13, 2021

The first two terms are 1 1 \lfloor{\frac{1}{1}}\rfloor and 3 3 . \lfloor{\frac{3}{3}}\rfloor. These terms, of course, correspond to n = 0 n=0 and n = 1. n=1. I will now show that n 2 + n + 1 n 3 + n 2 + 1 = 0 \lfloor{\frac{n^2+n+1}{n^3+n^2+1}}\rfloor=0 for n > 1 n>1 . n 2 + n + 1 n 3 + n 2 + 1 = 0 n 3 + n 2 + 1 > n 2 + n + 1 n 3 n > 0 ( n 1 ) n ( n + 1 ) > 0. \lfloor{\frac{n^2+n+1}{n^3+n^2+1}}\rfloor=0\Leftrightarrow n^3+n^2+1>n^2+n+1\Leftrightarrow n^3-n>0 \Leftrightarrow (n-1)n(n+1)>0. We can see that for n > 1 , n>1, each factor, namely, n 1 , n , n + 1 , n-1,n,n+1, are all positive. Therefore, their product is also positive. This shows n 2 + n + 1 n 3 + n 2 + 1 = 0 \lfloor{\frac{n^2+n+1}{n^3+n^2+1}}\rfloor=0 for all n > 1. n>1. Therefore, only the first two terms contribute to the sum and the desired sum is equal to 1 1 + 3 3 = 1 + 1 = 2. \lfloor{\frac{1}{1}}\rfloor+\lfloor{\frac{3}{3}}\rfloor=1+1=2.

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