17th March

Calculus Level 4

sin ( 2 ) 1 3 + sin ( 2 2 ) 2 3 + sin ( 3 2 ) 3 3 + = 1 a b + π b a b π b \dfrac{\sin(\sqrt{2})}{1^3} +\dfrac{\sin(2\sqrt{2})}{2^3} +\dfrac{\sin(3\sqrt{2})}{3^3} +\cdots= \dfrac{1}{a\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{π^b}{a\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{π}{b}

The expression above holds true for two positive integers a a and b b . Find 2 b + a 2b+a .

The problem is original


The answer is 7.

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1 solution

Dwaipayan Shikari
Mar 17, 2021

Let's generalise the sum . The sum is in a form of n = 1 sin ( n θ ) n 3 \displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^∞ \dfrac{\sin(nθ)}{n^3}

Generally , n = 1 sin ( n θ ) n \displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^∞ \dfrac{\sin(n\theta)}{n} = 1 2 i n = 1 e i n θ e i n θ n = 1 2 i ( log ( 1 e i θ ) log ( 1 e i θ ) ) = \dfrac{1}{2i} \sum_{n=1}^∞ \dfrac{e^{i n\theta}-e^{-i n\theta}}{n}= -\dfrac{1}{2i}(\log(1-e^{i\theta})-\log(1-e^{-i\theta})) = 1 2 i log ( e i θ ) = log ( e i π ) log ( e i θ ) 2 i = π θ 2 = \dfrac{1}{2i} \log(-e^{-i\theta})= \dfrac{\log(e^{iπ})-\log(e^{i\theta})}{2i} = \dfrac{π-\theta}{2} Now integrate both sides from 0 0 to θ \theta n = 1 0 θ sin ( n θ ) n d θ = 0 θ π θ 2 d θ \sum_{n=1}^∞ \int_0^{\theta} \dfrac{\sin(n\theta)}{n} d\theta= \int_0^{\theta} \dfrac{π-\theta}{2}d\theta n = 1 cos ( n θ ) n 2 = θ 2 4 π θ 2 + n = 1 1 n 2 \sum_{n=1}^∞ \dfrac{\cos(n\theta)}{n^2} = \dfrac{\theta^2}{4}-\dfrac{π\theta}{2} +\sum_{n=1}^∞ \dfrac{1}{n^2} Same process again you will get n = 1 sin ( n θ ) n 3 = θ 3 12 π θ 2 4 + θ n = 1 1 n 2 \sum_{n=1}^∞ \dfrac{\sin(n\theta)}{n^3} = \dfrac{\theta^3}{12} -\dfrac{π\theta^2}{4} +\theta\sum_{n=1}^∞ \dfrac{1}{n^2} = θ 3 12 π θ 2 4 + π 2 θ 6 = \dfrac{\theta^3}{12} -\dfrac{π\theta^2}{4} +\dfrac{π^2\theta}{6} Put x = 2 x=\sqrt{2} You will get sin ( 2 ) 1 3 + sin ( 2 2 ) 2 3 + sin ( 3 2 ) 3 3 + = 1 3 2 + π 2 3 2 π 2 \dfrac{\sin(\sqrt{2})}{1^3} +\dfrac{\sin(2\sqrt{2})}{2^3} +\dfrac{\sin(3\sqrt{2})}{3^3} +\cdots= \dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{π^2}{3\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{π}{2} Answer is 2 b + a = 7 \boxed{2b+a=7}

Is the first step a generalized summation formula?

Srutanik Bhaduri - 2 months, 3 weeks ago

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Valid for 0 < x π 0<x≤π

Dwaipayan Shikari - 2 months, 3 weeks ago

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