Find the area enclosed by the conic:
1 3 x 2 + 1 3 y 2 − 1 0 x y − 6 0 2 x + 1 2 2 y + 7 2 = 0
Details and Assumptions:
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If the area exists, this must be an ellipse. First we center the conic at the origin: transform x ′ = x − u and y ′ = y − v so that the linear terms disappear.
This requires { 2 6 u − 1 0 v = 6 0 2 , − 1 0 u + 2 6 v = − 1 2 2 ; the solution is u = 2 2 1 2 , v = 2 1 2 .
In these new coordinates, the conic becomes 1 3 ( x ′ ) 2 + 1 3 ( y ′ ) 2 − 1 0 x ′ y ′ − 7 2 = 0 .
To get rid of the mixed term x ′ y ′ , we rotate the coordinate system. Since the coefficients of x ′ and y ′ are equal, a rotation of 4 5 ∘ will do. (More generally, one could find the eigenvectors of the coefficient matrix, ( 1 3 − 5 − 5 1 3 ) , and use those as the new coordinate axes.)
Thus we set x ′ = 2 ξ + η , y ′ = 2 ξ − η : 2 1 3 ( ξ + η ) 2 + 2 1 3 ( ξ − η ) 2 − 2 1 0 ( ξ + η ) ( ξ − η ) − 7 2 = 8 ξ 2 + 1 8 η 2 − 7 2 = 0 . This is the equation of an ellipse, with semiaxes a = 8 7 2 = 3 , b = 1 8 7 2 = 2 . (We chose the rotation ( x ′ , y ′ ) ↦ ( ξ , η ) in such a way that lengths are preserved.)
The area of the ellipse is A = a b π = 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ π = ˙ 1 8 . 8 4 9 5 5 5 9 2 .
Rarely done but this is done. Not only a ratio of 3 : 2 but a = 3 and b = 2.
45 degrees turned from positive real axis before transition, centered at [5 Sqrt(2)/ 2, Sqrt(2)/ 2] after transition, this is an ellipse.
Transforms by rotation about the origin via parametric equations,
Cos Q and Sin Q are obtained in f(a, b, x, y) by Cramer's method and sum of their squares equals to 1 eliminates to form its equation. -10 x y is based to obtain ratio of a/ b = 3/ 2. (-26 p x + 10 q x) and (-26 q y + 10 p y) tells the center (p, q). [Turn, center and size.]
Constant term = 13 p^2 + 13 q^2 - 10 p q - 8 a^2 = 144 - 8 a^2 = 72 => a = 3.
To change the size of the transformed ellipse, just change the constant term of 72.
With a = 3 and b = 2,
Area enclosed = Pi (3)(2) = 6 Pi = 18.849555921538759430775860299677 {Square units}
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At first,rotate the the co-ordinate axes through 4 5 degrees(anticlockwise) to get 9 ( x ′ − 3 ) 2 + 4 ( y ′ + 2 ) 2 = 1 .
So the area is 6 π .
In the above I used the following:
1.The transformation equation for rotaion of θ is x = x ′ c o s θ − y ′ s i n θ and y = x ′ s i n θ + y ′ c o s θ .
2.I chose θ to be 4 5 degrees to eliminate the x y term.