200 days streak special 6

Calculus Level 4

lim x 0 x 3 a + x ( b x sin x ) = 1 , a R + \large \displaystyle \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \dfrac{x^3}{\sqrt{a + x}(bx - \sin x)} = 1 , a \ \in R^+

Find a + b + 1979 a + b + 1979


The answer is 2016.

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1 solution

Tom Engelsman
Feb 16, 2020

In order for the above limit to equal unity as x 0 x \rightarrow 0 , one must apply L'Hopital's Rule thrice in order for the numerator to be non-zero. Let f ( x ) = x 3 f(x) = x^3 and g ( x ) = x + a ( b x sin x ) g(x) =\sqrt{x+a} \cdot (bx - \sin{x}) with third-derivatives equaling (via Wolfram-Alpha for brevity):

f ( x ) = 6 f'''(x) = 6 ;

g ( x ) = 3 ( b x sin x ) 8 ( x + a ) 5 2 3 ( b cos x ) 4 ( x + a ) 3 2 + 3 sin x 2 x + a + cos x x + a g'''(x) = \frac{3(bx - \sin{x})}{8(x+a)^{\frac{5}{2}}} - \frac{3(b - \cos{x})}{4(x+a)^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{3\sin{x}}{2\sqrt{x+a}} + \cos{x}\sqrt{x+a}

which the limit computes to:

lim x 0 f ( x ) g ( x ) = 6 a 3 ( b 1 ) 4 a a = 24 a a 4 a 2 3 ( b 1 ) = 1 \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{f'''(x)}{g'''(x)} = \frac{6}{\sqrt{a} - \frac{3(b-1)}{4a\sqrt{a}}} = \frac{24a\sqrt{a}}{4a^2 - 3(b-1)} = 1

which occurs for a = 36 , b = 1 a = 36, b = 1 . Hence, a + b + 1979 = 2016 . a + b + 1979 = \boxed{2016}.

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