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First note that it is valid to consider this infinite tetration in the neighborhood of x = 4 π , and in this neighborhood y = f ( x ) is both continuous and differentiable.
As such, we then observe that, (since y > 0 in this neighborhood),
ln ( y ) = y ∗ ln ( tan ( x ) ) ⟹ y ln ( y ) = ln ( tan ( x ) ) .
Differentiating both sides (using the quotient and chain rules) we have that
y 2 1 − ln ( y ) ∗ d x d y = tan ( x ) sec 2 ( x ) ⟹ d x d y = 1 − ln ( y ) y 2 sec ( x ) csc ( x ) .
Now at x = 4 π ⟹ tan ( x ) = 1 we have that
y ( 1 ) = 1 and sec ( x ) = csc ( x ) = 2 , thus
f ′ ( 4 π ) = 1 − 0 1 ∗ 2 = 2 .