Exactly one of the following is a perfect square. Which one is it? A B C D = 1 9 9 9 × ( 1 9 9 7 × 1 9 9 5 × 1 9 9 3 + 1 6 ) = 1 9 9 9 × 1 9 9 7 × ( 1 9 9 5 × 1 9 9 3 + 1 6 ) = 1 9 9 9 × 1 9 9 7 × 1 9 9 5 × ( 1 9 9 3 + 1 6 ) = 1 9 9 9 × 1 9 9 7 × 1 9 9 5 × 1 9 9 3 + 1 6
Note : 2017 is a prime number.
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Since 1 9 9 9 is prime, for A , B or C to be perfect squares, they need to have it with an even exponent in their prime factorization, but
1 9 9 7 ⋅ 1 9 9 5 ⋅ 1 9 9 3 + 1 6 ≡ ( − 2 ) ( − 4 ) ( − 6 ) + 1 6 ≡ − 3 2 m o d 1 9 9 9
⟹ A is not the answer
{ g cd ( 1 9 9 7 , 1 9 9 9 ) = 1 1 9 9 5 ⋅ 1 9 9 3 + 1 6 ≡ ( − 4 ) ( − 6 ) + 1 6 ≡ 4 0 m o d 1 9 9 9
⟹ B is not the answer
⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎧ g cd ( 1 9 9 7 , 1 9 9 9 ) = 1 g cd ( 1 9 9 5 , 1 9 9 9 ) = 1 1 9 9 3 + 1 6 ≡ − 6 + 1 6 ≡ 1 0 m o d 1 9 9 9
⟹ C is not the answer
For D I'll consider a general case
k ( k − 2 ) ( k − 4 ) ( k − 6 ) + 1 6 = k ( k − 6 ) ( k − 2 ) ( k − 4 ) + 1 6 = ( k 2 − 6 k ) ( k 2 − 6 k + 8 ) + 1 6 = ( k 2 − 6 k ) 2 + 8 ( k 2 − 6 k ) + 1 6 = ( k 2 − 6 k ) 2 + 2 ⋅ 4 ( k 2 − 6 k ) + 4 2 = ( k 2 − 6 k + 4 ) 2
With k = 1 9 9 9 we get that
D = 1 9 9 9 ⋅ 1 9 9 7 ⋅ 1 9 9 5 ⋅ 1 9 9 3 + 1 6 = ( 1 9 9 9 2 − 6 ⋅ 1 9 9 9 + 4 ) 2 = 3 9 8 4 0 1 1 2
Is a perfect square. Hence D is the answer