1 ! + 2 ! + 3 ! 3 + 2 ! + 3 ! + 4 ! 4 + ⋯ + 2 0 1 6 ! + 2 0 1 7 ! + 2 0 1 8 ! 2 0 1 8
If the above sum can be written as ( a ! 1 − b ! 1 ) , where a and b are positive integers, find the sum of digits of a b .
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S = k = 1 ∑ 2 0 1 6 k ! + ( k + 1 ) ! + ( k + 2 ) ! k + 2 = k = 1 ∑ 2 0 1 6 k ! ( 1 + k + 1 + ( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) ) k + 2 = k = 1 ∑ 2 0 1 6 k ! ( k + 2 ) 2 k + 2 = k = 1 ∑ 2 0 1 6 k ! ( k + 2 ) 2 = k = 1 ∑ 2 0 1 6 ( k + 2 ) ! k + 1 = k = 1 ∑ 2 0 1 6 ( k + 2 ) ! k + 2 − 1 = k = 1 ∑ 2 0 1 6 ( ( k + 1 ) ! 1 − ( k + 2 ) ! 1 ) = 2 ! 1 − 2 0 1 8 ! 1
Therefore, a b = 2 ( 2 0 1 8 ) = 4 0 3 6 and its sum of digits is 1 3 .
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Obviously,we don't have to evaluate the expression. We need to search for a method, which will ease our work. So,my solution is
The expression can be written as
n = 3 ∑ 2 0 1 8 = ( n − 2 ) ! + ( n − 1 ) ! + n ! n = ( n − 2 ) ! ( 1 + n − 1 + n ( n − 1 ) ) n = n 2 ( n − 2 ) ! n = n ( n − 2 ) ! 1 = n ! n − 1 = ( n − 1 ) ! 1 − n ! 1
Therefore,the sum becomes 2 ! 1 − 3 ! 1 + 3 ! 1 − 4 ! 1 + ⋯ − 2 0 1 8 ! 1 = 2 ! 1 − 2 0 1 8 ! 1
⟹ a = 2 and b = 2 0 1 8 ⟹ a b = 4 0 3 6 , hence the sum of its digits is 1 3