2018 ! 2018!

Algebra Level 4

3 1 ! + 2 ! + 3 ! + 4 2 ! + 3 ! + 4 ! + + 2018 2016 ! + 2017 ! + 2018 ! \large \frac{3}{1!+2!+3!} + \frac{4}{2!+3!+4!}+ \cdots + \frac{2018}{2016!+2017!+2018!}

If the above sum can be written as ( 1 a ! 1 b ! ) \left( \dfrac{1}{a!}-\dfrac{1}{b!} \right) , where a a and b b are positive integers, find the sum of digits of a b ab .


The answer is 13.

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2 solutions

Vilakshan Gupta
Jan 24, 2018

Obviously,we don't have to evaluate the expression. We need to search for a method, which will ease our work. So,my solution is


The expression can be written as

n = 3 2018 = n ( n 2 ) ! + ( n 1 ) ! + n ! \large \sum_{n=3}^{2018}=\dfrac{n}{(n-2)!+(n-1)!+n!} = n ( n 2 ) ! ( 1 + n 1 + n ( n 1 ) ) =\dfrac{n}{(n-2)!(1+n-1+n(n-1))} = n n 2 ( n 2 ) ! = 1 n ( n 2 ) ! =\dfrac{n}{n^2(n-2)!}=\dfrac{1}{n(n-2)!} = n 1 n ! =\dfrac{n-1}{n!} = 1 ( n 1 ) ! 1 n ! =\dfrac{1}{(n-1)!}-\dfrac{1}{n!}

Therefore,the sum becomes 1 2 ! 1 3 ! + 1 3 ! 1 4 ! + 1 2018 ! \large \frac{1}{2!}-\cancel{\frac{1}{3!}}+\cancel{\frac{1}{3!}}-\cancel{\frac{1}{4!}}+\cancel{\cdots}-\frac{1}{2018!} = 1 2 ! 1 2018 ! =\frac{1}{2!} - \frac{1}{2018!}

\implies a = 2 a=2 and b = 2018 b=2018 a b = 4036 \implies ab=4036 , hence the sum of its digits is 13 \boxed{13}

Chew-Seong Cheong
Jan 25, 2018

S = k = 1 2016 k + 2 k ! + ( k + 1 ) ! + ( k + 2 ) ! = k = 1 2016 k + 2 k ! ( 1 + k + 1 + ( k + 1 ) ( k + 2 ) ) = k = 1 2016 k + 2 k ! ( k + 2 ) 2 = k = 1 2016 2 k ! ( k + 2 ) = k = 1 2016 k + 1 ( k + 2 ) ! = k = 1 2016 k + 2 1 ( k + 2 ) ! = k = 1 2016 ( 1 ( k + 1 ) ! 1 ( k + 2 ) ! ) = 1 2 ! 1 2018 ! \begin{aligned} S & = \sum_{k=1}^{2016} \frac {k+2}{k!+(k+1)!+(k+2)!} \\ & = \sum_{k=1}^{2016} \frac {k+2}{k! \left(1+k+1+(k+1)(k+2)\right)} \\ & = \sum_{k=1}^{2016} \frac {k+2}{k! (k+2)^2} \\ & = \sum_{k=1}^{2016} \frac 2{k! (k+2)} \\ & = \sum_{k=1}^{2016} \frac {k+1}{(k+2)!} \\ & = \sum_{k=1}^{2016} \frac {k+2-1}{(k+2)!} \\ & = \sum_{k=1}^{2016} \left(\frac 1{(k+1)!} - \frac 1{(k+2)!}\right) \\ & = \frac 1{2!} - \frac 1{2018!} \end{aligned}

Therefore, a b = 2 ( 2018 ) = 4036 ab = 2(2018) = 4036 and its sum of digits is 13 \boxed{13} .

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