2018 Polynomial Series.

Let S S be a randomly chosen 6 6 -element subset of the set 0 , 1 , 2 , . . . , n {0, 1, 2, . . . , n} .

Consider the polynomial P ( x ) = i S x i \large\ P\left( x \right) = \sum_{{i \in S}} { { x }^{ i } } .

Let X n X_n be the probability that P ( x ) P(x) is divisible by some non-constant polynomial Q ( x ) Q(x) of degree at most 3 3 with integer coefficients satisfying Q ( 0 ) 0 Q(0) \neq 0 .

Find the limit of X n X_n as n n goes to infinity.


The answer is 0.482.

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