Find the average value of
2
sin
−
1
n
+
2
cos
−
1
n
,
in
radians
where
n
is on the interval
[
1
,
−
1
]
.
Bonus:
prove the answer using geometry unless you think it is impossible to be proved using geometry. In that case, type 0 as your answer.
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The question should read "... in radians..."
Let's use the Mean Function Value Formula from calculus here.:
b − a 1 ⋅ ∫ a b f ( x ) d x
Let f ( x ) = 2 arcsin ( x ) + 2 arccos ( x ) over the interval [ − 1 , 1 ] . We now compute:
1 − ( − 1 ) 1 ⋅ ∫ − 1 1 2 arcsin ( x ) + 2 arccos ( x ) d x ;
or 2 1 ⋅ 2 [ 1 − x 2 + x arcsin ( x ) + x arccos ( x ) − 1 − x 2 ] ∣ − 1 1 ;
or arcsin ( 1 ) + arccos ( 1 ) + arcsin ( − 1 ) + arccos ( − 1 ) = 2 π + 0 − 2 π + π = π . ;
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Construct an isosceles triangle △ A B C .
In isosceles △ A B C , B C is the base. Construct the median A M where M is the midpoint of B C .
Since △ A B C is isosceles, ∠ A M B is a right angle.
⇒ △ A M B is a right angled triangle.
This part uses basic definitions of sin & cos .
Call the length of the hypotenuse of R t △ A M B k . Call the length of median A M l .
⇒ ∠ B A M = cos − 1 k l .
⇒ ∠ B A C = 2 ∠ B A M = 2 cos − 1 k l .
Since △ A M B is right angled, and △ A B C is isosceles,
sin ∠ B = sin ∠ C = k l .
⇒ ∠ B = ∠ C = sin − 1 k l .
Let k l = n . Finally, since ∠ A , ∠ B , ∠ C are the interior angles of a triangle, i.e. they add up to π ( r a d ) , 2 cos − 1 n + 2 × sin − 1 n = π in radians.