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Geometry Level 4

AD \text{AD} and AE \text{AE} are respectively the altitude and bisector of ABC \triangle{\text{ABC}} . If DB DC = 1029 \text{DB} - \text{DC} = 1029 and EB EC = 189 \text{EB} - \text{EC} = 189 then what is the value of AB AC \text{AB} - \text{AC} ?


The answer is 441.

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1 solution

David Vreken
Dec 12, 2018

Since A D AD is the bisector of A B C \triangle ABC , A B A C = E B E C \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{EB}{EC} , which means A B + A C A C = E B + E C E C \frac{AB + AC}{AC} = \frac{EB + EC}{EC} or E B + E C = E C A C ( A B + A C ) EB + EC = \frac{EC}{AC}(AB + AC) . But since E B E C = 189 EB - EC = 189 , A B A C = E B E C \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{EB}{EC} is also A B A C = E C + 189 E C \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{EC + 189}{EC} which rearranges to E C A C = 189 A B A C \frac{EC}{AC} = \frac{189}{AB - AC} . Substituting this back in gives us E B + E C = 189 ( A B + A C ) A B A C EB + EC = \frac{189(AB + AC)}{AB - AC} .

Since A E AE is the altitude of A B C \triangle ABC , A D 2 + D C 2 = A C 2 AD^2 + DC^2 = AC^2 and A D 2 + D B 2 = A B 2 AD^2 + DB^2 = AB^2 . Combining these equations gives D B 2 D C 2 = A B 2 A C 2 DB^2 - DC^2 = AB^2 - AC^2 , or ( D B D C ) ( D B + D C ) = ( A B A C ) ( A B + A C ) (DB - DC)(DB + DC) = (AB - AC)(AB + AC) . Substituting D B + D C = E B + E C = 189 ( A B + A C ) A B A C DB + DC = EB + EC = \frac{189(AB + AC)}{AB - AC} from above and the given D B D C = 1029 DB - DC = 1029 gives 1029 189 ( A B + A C ) A B A C = ( A B A C ) ( A B + A C ) 1029 \cdot \frac{189(AB + AC)}{AB - AC} = (AB - AC)(AB + AC) , which simplifies to 194481 = ( A B A C ) 2 194481 = (AB - AC)^2 , and since A B > A C AB > AC (otherwise E B + E C EB + EC would be negative from the equation above), this further simplifies to A B A C = 441 AB - AC = \boxed{441} .

This is stumping me because I'm having trouble drawing it. If the points in order along BC are B-E-D-C then ED must be negative. But otherwise AB<AC.

Any chance you can share a picture?

Jeremy Galvagni - 2 years, 6 months ago

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imgur(dot)com/a/w0D9GPv That looks counterintuitive tho. I can't imagine a triangle of this dimension: Can you?

Akshay Krishna - 2 years, 6 months ago

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Thanks, but that triangle does not fit the problem. DB-DC and EB-EC are both negative. Swapping B and C helps, but the ratio of these differences is around 2 which is nowhere near the required 1029/189.

I can't manage to draw an accurate triangle that fits these criteria using Geometer's Sketchpad.

Jeremy Galvagni - 2 years, 6 months ago

I was so focused on the algebra side of things that I didn't notice that there is no triangle that fits the criteria. If you look carefully at the equation E B + E C = 1029 ( A B + A C ) A B A C EB + EC = \frac{1029(AB + AC)}{AB - AC} that I derived above, and if A B A C = 441 AB - AC = 441 as the solution implies, then B C = 1029 441 ( A B + A C ) BC = \frac{1029}{441}(AB + AC) , or B C > A B + A C BC > AB + AC , which is an impossible inequality for sides of a triangle.

The problem can be salvaged if 189 189 and 1029 1029 are swapped, so that D B D C = 1029 DB - DC = 1029 and E B E C = 189 EB - EC = 189 . Then several triangles will work with the given criteria, for example, one where A B = 2100 AB = 2100 , A C = 1659 AC = 1659 , B C = 1611 BC = 1611 , E B = 900 EB = 900 , E C = 711 EC = 711 , B D = 1320 BD = 1320 , and C D = 291 CD = 291 .

David Vreken - 2 years, 6 months ago

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