Given the positive integers a ≤ b ≤ c ≤ 1 0 0 satisfy the system of equations below.
⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎧ a + b = c a 4 + b 2 = c 2 a 3 = b + c
Find the sum of all possible values of a + b + c .
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Shouldn't a = b = c = 1 be included and thus the answer 2 4 1 ?
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If we plug in a = 1 , b = 1 , c = 1 in equation 1 then it will not satisfy as
a + b = c
1 + 1 = 1
2 = 1
which is not true.
⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎧ a + b = c a 4 + b 2 = c 2 a 3 = b + c . . . ( 1 ) . . . ( 2 ) . . . ( 3 )
\(\begin{array} {} (1)+(2): & a^3 + a = 2c & \Rightarrow c = \frac{1}{2}(a^3+a) \\ (2)-(1): & a^3 - a = 2b & \Rightarrow b = \frac{1}{2}(a^3-a) \end{array} \)
Since c ≤ 1 0 0 ⇒ 2 1 ( a 3 + a ) ≤ 1 0 0 ⇒ a 3 + a ≤ 2 0 0 ⇒ a ≤ 5 since 3 2 0 0 ≈ 5 . 8 . We note that b = 2 1 ( a 3 − a ) . If a = 1 , b = 0 which is unacceptable. Therefore, a ∈ { 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 } . And we have:
\(\begin{array} {} a & + & b & + & c & & \\ 2& + & 3& + & 5& = & 10 \\ 3& + & 12& + & 15& = & 30 \\ 4& + & 30& + & 34& = & 68 \\ 5& + & 60& + & 65& = & 130 \end{array} \)
The sum of all possible values of a + b + c is 1 0 + 3 0 + 6 8 + 1 3 0 = 2 3 8
from #1: a =c - b
from #3: a^3 = c + b
b = 1/2 *a(a^2 - 1)
c = 1/2 * a(a^2 + 1)
a+b+c = a +a^3
for a = 2, b = 3, c = 5
for a = 3, b = 12, c = 15
for a = 4, b = 30, c = 34
for a = 5, b = 60, c = 65
for a = 6, b = 105, c = 111, this is rejected.
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Solution: We see that since a 3 = b + c = a + b + b (from equation 1) that a 3 = a + 2 b Also, we plug in a + b = c into equation 2 to get a 4 = a 2 + 2 a b . This is equivalent to our previous equation, so in our system of equations one equation can be discarded as it is built off the others. So we discard a 4 + b 2 = c 2 Now with our remaining solutions and our positive integers restriction we can plug in a=2,3,4,5 to get (a,b,c)=(2,3,5)(3,12,15)(4,30,34)(5,60,65). If a=6 then we get (6,105, 111) which is greater than 1--. So then our answer is 2 + 3 + 5 + 3 + 1 2 + 1 5 + 4 + 3 0 + 3 4 + 5 + 6 0 + 6 5 = 2 3 8 .