3 variables, 2 equations

Algebra Level 5

{ log x y 2 + log y x 5 = 2 n 1 log x 2 y 5 + log y 2 x 3 = n 3 \large \begin{cases} { \log _{ x }{ { y }^{ 2 } } +\log _{ y }{ { x }^{ 5 } } =2n-1 } \\ { \log _{ { x }^{ 2 } }{ { y }^{ 5 } } +\log _{ { y }^{ 2 } }{ { x }^{ 3 } } =n-3 } \\ \end{cases}

Compute the sum of all values of n n such that there exist real values of x x and y y that satisfy the system of equations above.

The sum is in the form of p q \frac{p}{q} for coprime positive integers p , q p,q . Find p + q p+q .


The answer is 79.

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2 solutions

Aareyan Manzoor
Jun 17, 2015

to solve this you must have basic knowledge: ( l o g x ( y ) ) 1 = l o g y ( x ) (log_x(y))^{-1}=log_y(x) l o g x z ( y ) = l o g x ( y ) z log_{x^z}(y)=\dfrac{log_x(y)}{z} l o g x ( y z ) = z l o g x ( y ) log_x(y^z)=z log_x(y) let l o g x ( y ) = z log_x(y)=z .then: 2 z + 5 z 1 = 2 n 1 2 z 2 ( 2 n 1 ) z + 5 = 0 2z+5z^{-1}=2n-1\longrightarrow 2z^2-(2n-1)z+5=0 2.5 z + 1.5 z 1 = n 3 5 z 2 ( 2 n 6 ) z + 3 = 0 2.5z+1.5z^{-1}=n-3\longrightarrow 5z^2-(2n-6)z+3=0 subtract these 2. 3 z 2 + 5 z 2 = 0 z = 3 1 o r 2 3z^2+5z-2=0\rightarrow z=3^{-1} or -2 since n = 2.5 z + 1.5 z 1 + 3 n=2.5z+1.5z^{-1}+3 at z = 3 1 , n = 25 3 z=3^{-1}, n=\dfrac{25}{3} and at z = 2 , n = 11 4 z=-2,n=\dfrac{-11}{4} .adding these two we get 67 12 \dfrac{67}{12} .and 67 + 12 = 79 67+12=79

How can we solve this problem in the log form ? I wonder if we could do that.

Vishal Yadav - 5 years, 7 months ago

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Please see my solution from 4/12/2020, Vishal......guess I'm 5 years late for the log party!

tom engelsman - 1 year, 2 months ago
Tom Engelsman
Apr 12, 2020

Let us first perform a change-of-base to both LHS terms of the second given equation to end up with: 1 2 l o g x y 5 + 1 2 l o g y x 3 = n 3 \frac{1}{2}log_{x} y^5 + \frac{1}{2} log_{y} x^3 = n-3 .

Now let us substitute u = l o g x y , v = l o g y x u = log_{x}y, v = log_{y}x so that we end up with the following 2x2 system of equations:

2 u + 5 v = 2 n 1 2u + 5v = 2n-1

5 u + 3 v = 2 n 6 5u + 3v = 2n-6

which the solution is (after deploying Cramer's Rule ): u = 4 n 27 19 , v = 6 n + 7 19 u = \frac{4n-27}{19}, v = \frac{6n+7}{19} . Finally, we have the system of equations:

y = x ( 4 n 27 ) / 19 ; x = y ( 6 n + 7 ) / 19 y = x^{(4n-27)/19}; x = y^{(6n+7)/19}

which we can solve for n n according to:

x = ( x ( 4 n 27 ) / 19 ) ( 6 n + 7 ) / 19 x = (x^{(4n-27)/19})^{(6n+7)/19} ;

or 1 = 24 n 2 134 n 189 1 9 2 1 = \frac{24n^2 - 134n -189}{19^2} ;

or 0 = 24 n 2 134 n 550 0 = 24n^2 - 134n - 550 ;

or n = 134 ± 13 4 2 4 ( 24 ) ( 550 ) 48 = 134 ± 266 48 = 400 48 , 132 48 n = \frac{134 \pm \sqrt{134^2 - 4(24)(-550)}}{48} = \frac{134 \pm 266}{48} = \boxed{\frac{400}{48}, -\frac{132}{48}}

which sum to 268 48 = 67 12 . \frac{268}{48} = \boxed{\frac{67}{12}}.

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