A particle of mass m and charge q is positioned at the origin at time t = 0 . Its initial velocity is v 0 . There are electric and magnetic fields E and B throughout space.
How far from the origin is the particle at time t = 5 ?
Bonus: Plot the trajectories in the x y , y z , and z x planes
Details and Assumptions:
1)
m
=
2
2)
q
=
+
1
3)
v
0
=
(
v
0
x
,
v
0
y
,
v
0
z
)
=
(
−
1
,
1
,
2
)
4)
E
=
(
E
x
,
E
y
,
E
z
)
=
(
1
,
−
2
,
3
)
5)
B
=
(
B
x
,
B
y
,
B
z
)
=
(
4
,
8
,
−
2
)
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Applying Newton's second law gives:
m a = q E + q ( v × B )
2 ⎣ ⎡ x ¨ y ¨ z ¨ ⎦ ⎤ = ⎣ ⎡ 1 − 2 3 ⎦ ⎤ + ⎝ ⎛ ⎣ ⎡ x ˙ y ˙ z ˙ ⎦ ⎤ × ⎣ ⎡ 4 8 − 2 ⎦ ⎤ ⎠ ⎞
Simplifying gives:
x ¨ = 2 1 − 4 z ˙ − y ˙ y ¨ = − 1 + x ˙ + 2 z ˙ z ¨ = 2 3 + 4 x ˙ − 2 y ˙
Now, knowing the equations of motion and the initial conditions, the Laplace transform can be taken on both sides, which converts the above differential equations to linear equations in the s-domain. To perform the Laplace transform, one may search the internet for a 'table of standard Laplace transforms'. The equations are:
s 2 X + s Y + 4 s Z = 2 s 1 − 1 − s X + s 2 Y − 2 s Z = − s 1 + 1 − 4 s X + 2 s Y + s 2 Z = 2 s 3 + 2
Here, X , Y and Z are the laplace transforms of the functions x ( t ) , y ( t ) and z ( t ) . Solving for X , Y and Z gives:
X = − 2 s 3 ( s 2 + 2 1 ) 2 s 3 + 1 7 s 2 + 1 0 s + 1 8 Y = 2 s 3 ( s 2 + 2 1 ) 2 s 3 + 4 s 2 + 7 s − 3 6 Z = 2 s 3 ( s 2 + 2 1 ) 4 s 3 − 9 s 2 + 8 s + 9
Now, all that needs to be done is the computation of the inverse Laplace transform of the above expressions. This can be done by using:
https://www.wolframalpha.com/widgets/view.jsp?id=7c762190486dfb47dca59a9a1f8cb1a8
The resulting solutions of the differential equations are:
x ( t ) = 2 9 4 1 1 3 cos ( 2 1 t ) − 2 1 5 t − 4 4 1 1 6 2 1 sin ( 2 1 t ) − 1 4 3 t 2 − 2 9 4 1 1 3 y ( t ) = 6 t − 1 4 7 2 0 cos ( 2 1 t ) + 1 2 6 5 2 1 sin ( 2 1 t ) − 7 3 t 2 + 1 4 7 2 0 z ( t ) = 2 1 4 t + 4 9 1 1 cos ( 2 1 t ) + 4 4 1 3 8 2 1 sin ( 2 1 t ) + 2 8 3 t 2 − 4 9 1 1
Substituting t = 5 and simplifying and computing the distance between the origin and the point of interest, gives the required answer. The trajectory of the particle can be studied as such:
Amazing, with the Laplace Transform you indeed get a much more accurate result than by numerically solving. It's such a powerful tool, and implementing Euler integration for the above system would be inaccurate even for very small time-steps.
@Karan Chatrath
Now I am able to understand your solution very well.
And your solution was previously upvoted.
Thankyou so much.
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I'm very impressed by the solution provided by @Karan Chatrath, in which a linear system is solved to get the Laplace equation for each dimension, and then the inverse transformations are applied. For the sake of completeness, I will upload the numerical solution as well. This results in the same trajectories and final answer as the Laplace method.