Let there exist 3 coplanar points B , C , and D such that B C = 5 and C D = 7 and ∠ B C D = 1 2 0 ∘ . A is a point in the same plane that lies on the angle bisector of ∠ B C D . Then what should be the value of C A so that the points B , A and D are collinear?
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We put the points in a coordinate system such that
C = ( 0 , 0 ) D = ( 7 , 0 ) B = ( 5 ⋅ cos 1 2 0 ° , 5 ⋅ sin 1 2 0 ° ) = ( − 2 5 , 2 5 3 )
And A lies on the line r : y = x ⋅ tan 6 0 ° = x 3
We now need only to find the intersection between r and B D
The line that passes through B D is
y = − 2 5 − 7 2 5 3 − 0 ( x − 7 ) = − 1 9 5 3 ( x − 7 )
To find the intersection
x 3 = − 1 9 5 3 ( x − 7 ) ⟺ x = 2 4 3 5 ⟹ y = 2 4 3 5 3
Therefore the lenght of A C is
A C = ( 2 4 3 5 ) 2 + ( 2 4 3 5 3 ) 2 = 1 2 3 5 ≈ 2 . 9 2
Consider the triangles B C A , A C D and B C D
Now, we use the fact that if in a △ X Y Z if X Y = z , Y Z = x and Z X = y and ∠ X Y Z = 6 0 0 , then y 2 = x 2 + z 2 − 2 x z c o s 6 0 0 = x 2 + z 2 − x z
Thus, we get that if C A = a , then
B A 2 = 5 2 + a 2 − 5 a and D A 2 = 7 2 + a 2 − 7 a
By △ B C D , B D 2 = 5 2 + 7 2 − 2 ( 5 ) ( 7 ) c o s 1 2 0 o = 5 2 + 7 2 + 3 5
Now, A lies on BD if and only if B A + A D = B D
i.e. 5 2 + a 2 − 5 a + 7 2 + a 2 − 7 a = 5 2 + 7 2 + 3 5 ⟹ ( 5 2 + a 2 − 5 a ) + ( 7 2 + a 2 − 7 a ) + 2 ( 5 2 + a 2 − 5 a ) ( 7 2 + a 2 − 7 a ) = 5 2 + 7 2 + 3 5
⟹ ( − 2 a 2 + 1 2 a + 3 5 ) 2 = 4 ( 5 2 + a 2 − 5 a ) ( 7 2 + a 2 − 7 a )
⟹ 4 a 4 − 4 8 a 3 + 4 a 2 + 8 4 0 a + 1 2 2 5 = 4 a 4 − 4 8 a 3 + 4 3 6 a 2 − 1 6 8 0 a + 4 9 0 0
⟹ − 4 3 2 a 2 + 2 5 2 0 a − 3 6 7 5 = 0
⟹ a = 1 2 3 5
Thus,
C A = 2 . 9 2
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