444 \color{#D61F06}444

A perfect square is interesting, if it ends in three 4 4 s. For example 1 444 1\color{#D61F06}444\color{#333333} is an interesting number, since the square root of it is 38 38 . We wrote down the first 101 101 interesting number's square roots and deleted the first one. What is the sum of them?


The answer is 1275000.

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2 solutions

We will search the interesting square numbers. The interesting numbers can be formed like x 2 = a 1 a 2 a n 444 x^2=\overline{a_1a_2\dots a_n444} and let y y be a 1 a 2 a n \overline{a_1a_2\dots a_n} . From that x 2 + 1000 y + 444 x^2+1000y+444 , so x 2 1444 = 1000 y 1000 x^2-1444=1000y-1000 and ( x 38 ) ( x + 38 ) = 1000 ( y 1 ) (x-38)(x+38)=1000(y-1) Since 1000 1000 ( y 1 ) , 1000 ( x 38 ) ( x + 38 ) 1000|1000(y-1), 1000|(x-38)(x+38) . 1000 = 2 3 5 3 1000=2^3*5^3 .

If ( x 38 ) (x-38) is not divisible by 4 4 , then ( x + 38 ) (x+38) can't be divisible by 4 4 too. The reverse of this is also true. So the product of them won't be a multiple of 1000 1000 . So 4 ( x 38 ) , ( x + 38 ) 4|(x-38), (x+38) .

Now we will look at that the where are the 5 5 s. There are two cases:

Case 1: 4 ( x 38 ) 4|(x-38) and 4 125 ( x + 38 ) 4*125|(x+38) or the reverse.

Since 125 4 = 500 125*4=500 , x = 500 k ± 38 x=500k\pm 38 ( k k is an integer). ( 500 k ± 38 ) 2 = 250000 k 2 ± 38000 k + 1444 , (500k\pm38)^2=250000k^2\pm38000k+1444, which ends in three 4 4 s, so every ( 500 ± 38 ) 2 (500\pm38)^2 is an interesting number.

Case 2: 4 5 ( x 38 ) 4*5|(x-38) and 4 25 ( x + 38 ) 4*25|(x+38) or the reverse.

This means, that both numbers have to divisible by 10 10 , but their difference is 76 76 , which is impossible.

So the interesting numbers are formed like ( 500 k ± 38 ) 2 (500k\pm38)^2

Since ( 500 k 38 ) + ( 500 k + 38 ) = 2 500 (500k-38)+(500k+38)=2*500 and the first square root is 38 38 , the answer is

2 ( 1 500 + 2 500 + + 101 1 2 500 ) = 2 50 51 2 500 = 50 51 500 = 1275000 2*(1*500+2*500+\dots+\dfrac{101-1}{2}*500)=2*\dfrac{50*51}{2}*500=50*51*500=\boxed{1275000}

Nick Turtle
Jan 9, 2018

So we want to find all n 2 444 ( mod 1000 ) n^2\equiv444\ (\text{mod}\ 1000) .

This is simply n 2 4 ( mod 8 ) n^2\equiv4\ (\text{mod}\ 8) and n 2 69 ( mod 125 ) n^2\equiv69\ (\text{mod}\ 125) .

We find the square roots: n 2 , 6 ( mod 8 ) n\equiv2,6\ (\text{mod}\ 8) and n 38 , 87 ( mod 125 ) n\equiv38,87\ (\text{mod}\ 125) .

Thus, we have n 38 , 462 , 538 , 962 ( mod 1000 ) n\equiv38,462,538,962\ (\text{mod}\ 1000) .

In other words, all interesting numbers are of the form 1000 k + 38 , 1000 k + 462 , 1000 k + 538 , 1000 k + 962 1000k+38, 1000k+462, 1000k+538, 1000k+962 .

The answer is then basically then the sum of the first 100 100 interesting numbers, add the 101 101 st, and minus the 1 1 st: k = 0 24 ( 1000 k + 38 ) + k = 0 24 ( 1000 k + 462 ) + k = 0 24 ( 1000 k + 538 ) + k = 0 24 ( 1000 k + 962 ) + ( 1000 25 + 38 ) ( 38 ) \sum_{k=0}^{24}(1000k+38)+\sum_{k=0}^{24}(1000k+462)+\sum_{k=0}^{24}(1000k+538)+\sum_{k=0}^{24}(1000k+962)+(1000\cdot25+38)-(38) = k = 0 24 ( 4000 k + 2000 ) + 1000 25 =\sum_{k=0}^{24}(4000k+2000)+1000\cdot25 = 4000 ( 24 ) ( 24 + 1 ) 2 + 2000 25 + 1000 25 =\frac{4000(24)(24+1)}{2}+2000\cdot25+1000\cdot25 = 1275000 =1275000

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