A perfect square is interesting, if it ends in three 4 s. For example 1 4 4 4 is an interesting number, since the square root of it is 3 8 . We wrote down the first 1 0 1 interesting number's square roots and deleted the first one. What is the sum of them?
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So we want to find all n 2 ≡ 4 4 4 ( mod 1 0 0 0 ) .
This is simply n 2 ≡ 4 ( mod 8 ) and n 2 ≡ 6 9 ( mod 1 2 5 ) .
We find the square roots: n ≡ 2 , 6 ( mod 8 ) and n ≡ 3 8 , 8 7 ( mod 1 2 5 ) .
Thus, we have n ≡ 3 8 , 4 6 2 , 5 3 8 , 9 6 2 ( mod 1 0 0 0 ) .
In other words, all interesting numbers are of the form 1 0 0 0 k + 3 8 , 1 0 0 0 k + 4 6 2 , 1 0 0 0 k + 5 3 8 , 1 0 0 0 k + 9 6 2 .
The answer is then basically then the sum of the first 1 0 0 interesting numbers, add the 1 0 1 st, and minus the 1 st: k = 0 ∑ 2 4 ( 1 0 0 0 k + 3 8 ) + k = 0 ∑ 2 4 ( 1 0 0 0 k + 4 6 2 ) + k = 0 ∑ 2 4 ( 1 0 0 0 k + 5 3 8 ) + k = 0 ∑ 2 4 ( 1 0 0 0 k + 9 6 2 ) + ( 1 0 0 0 ⋅ 2 5 + 3 8 ) − ( 3 8 ) = k = 0 ∑ 2 4 ( 4 0 0 0 k + 2 0 0 0 ) + 1 0 0 0 ⋅ 2 5 = 2 4 0 0 0 ( 2 4 ) ( 2 4 + 1 ) + 2 0 0 0 ⋅ 2 5 + 1 0 0 0 ⋅ 2 5 = 1 2 7 5 0 0 0
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We will search the interesting square numbers. The interesting numbers can be formed like x 2 = a 1 a 2 … a n 4 4 4 and let y be a 1 a 2 … a n . From that x 2 + 1 0 0 0 y + 4 4 4 , so x 2 − 1 4 4 4 = 1 0 0 0 y − 1 0 0 0 and ( x − 3 8 ) ( x + 3 8 ) = 1 0 0 0 ( y − 1 ) Since 1 0 0 0 ∣ 1 0 0 0 ( y − 1 ) , 1 0 0 0 ∣ ( x − 3 8 ) ( x + 3 8 ) . 1 0 0 0 = 2 3 ∗ 5 3 .
If ( x − 3 8 ) is not divisible by 4 , then ( x + 3 8 ) can't be divisible by 4 too. The reverse of this is also true. So the product of them won't be a multiple of 1 0 0 0 . So 4 ∣ ( x − 3 8 ) , ( x + 3 8 ) .
Now we will look at that the where are the 5 s. There are two cases:
Case 1: 4 ∣ ( x − 3 8 ) and 4 ∗ 1 2 5 ∣ ( x + 3 8 ) or the reverse.
Since 1 2 5 ∗ 4 = 5 0 0 , x = 5 0 0 k ± 3 8 ( k is an integer). ( 5 0 0 k ± 3 8 ) 2 = 2 5 0 0 0 0 k 2 ± 3 8 0 0 0 k + 1 4 4 4 , which ends in three 4 s, so every ( 5 0 0 ± 3 8 ) 2 is an interesting number.
Case 2: 4 ∗ 5 ∣ ( x − 3 8 ) and 4 ∗ 2 5 ∣ ( x + 3 8 ) or the reverse.
This means, that both numbers have to divisible by 1 0 , but their difference is 7 6 , which is impossible.
So the interesting numbers are formed like ( 5 0 0 k ± 3 8 ) 2
Since ( 5 0 0 k − 3 8 ) + ( 5 0 0 k + 3 8 ) = 2 ∗ 5 0 0 and the first square root is 3 8 , the answer is
2 ∗ ( 1 ∗ 5 0 0 + 2 ∗ 5 0 0 + ⋯ + 2 1 0 1 − 1 ∗ 5 0 0 ) = 2 ∗ 2 5 0 ∗ 5 1 ∗ 5 0 0 = 5 0 ∗ 5 1 ∗ 5 0 0 = 1 2 7 5 0 0 0