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Algebra Level 4

a b + c + b c + a + c a + b \large \dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{c+a}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a+b}}

Given that a , b a,b and c c are positive reals satisfying a + b + c = 50 a+b+c=50 , find the minimum value of the expression above.

Give your answer to two decimal place.


The answer is 8.66.

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2 solutions

Zk Lin
Feb 21, 2016

Let the expression be P P .

P = a b + c + b c + a + c a + b P=\frac{a}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c+a}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a+b}}

= a 2 a 50 a + b 2 b 50 b + c 2 c 50 c =\frac{a^{2}}{a\sqrt{50-a}}+\frac{b^{2}}{b\sqrt{50-b}}+\frac{c^{2}}{c\sqrt{50-c}}

( a + b + c ) 2 a 50 a + b 50 b + c 50 c \geq \frac{(a+b+c)^{2}}{a\sqrt{50-a}+b\sqrt{50-b}+c\sqrt{50-c}} by Titu's Lemma,

= 5 0 2 a 50 a + b 50 b + c 50 c = \frac{50^{2}}{a\sqrt{50-a}+b\sqrt{50-b}+c\sqrt{50-c}}

Define f ( x ) = x 50 x f(x)=x\sqrt{50-x}

Note that f ( x ) = ( 50 x ) 1 2 x 4 ( 50 x ) 3 2 < 0 f''(x)=-(50-x)^{-\frac{1}{2}}-\frac{x}{4}(50-x)^{-\frac{3}{2}} <0 for 0 < x < 50 0<x<50 . Therefore, f ( x ) f(x) is a concave function.

By Jensen's inequality,

f ( a ) + f ( b ) + f ( c ) 3 f ( a + b + c 3 ) f(a)+f(b)+f(c) \leq 3f(\frac{a+b+c}{3})

1 f ( a ) + f ( b ) + f ( c ) 1 3 f ( a + b + c 3 ) = 1 3 f ( 50 3 ) \implies \frac{1}{f(a)+f(b)+f(c)} \geq \frac{1}{3f(\frac{a+b+c}{3})}=\frac{1}{3f(\frac{50}{3})} .

Therefore, continuing our work from above,

P 5 0 2 a 50 a + b 50 b + c 50 c P \geq \frac{50^{2}}{a\sqrt{50-a}+b\sqrt{50-b}+c\sqrt{50-c}}

5 0 2 3 f ( 50 3 ) \geq \frac{50^{2}}{3f(\frac{50}{3})} by Jensen's inequality.

= 5 0 2 3. 50 3 . 2.50 3 = \frac{50^{2}}{3.\frac{50}{3}.\sqrt{\frac{2.50}{3}}}

= 5 3 8.66 = 5\sqrt{3} \approx \boxed{8.66}

Equality holds when a = b = c = 50 3 a=b=c=\frac{50}{3}

A more elementary approach can be found without using concepts such as convexity or concave.There is also a solution which follows this line. C-S/chebyshev/schur/AM-GM/chebyshev. It is very efficent and short. I am sure i will post it tomorriw cause it is late in my country now.

Lorenc Bushi - 5 years, 3 months ago

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Great! Looking forward to it.

ZK LIn - 5 years, 3 months ago

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Sorry for replying so late,but i realized i had a mistake in my "proof",so nevermind.Your solution is how i initially solved it.

Lorenc Bushi - 5 years, 3 months ago

Yes Jensen's inequality But I don't have my laptop right now I will post it by tomorrow

Ravi Dwivedi - 5 years, 3 months ago
P C
Feb 22, 2016

Call the expression A, now we choose S = a ( b + c ) + b ( a + c ) + c ( a + b ) = 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) S=a(b+c)+b(a+c)+c(a+b)=2(ab+bc+ca) Now applying Holder's Inequality we get A 2 S ( a + b + c ) 3 A^2S\geq (a+b+c)^3 Easily prove this inequality 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) 2 3 ( a + b + c ) 2 2(ab+bc+ca)\leq\frac{2}{3}\big(a+b+c\big)^2 by Cauchy-Schwarz. So finally A 2 3 ( a + b + c ) 2 = 75 A^2\geq\frac{3(a+b+c)}{2}=75 A 5 3 8.66 \Leftrightarrow A\geq 5\sqrt{3}\approx 8.66 The equality holds when a = b = c = 50 3 a=b=c=\frac{50}{3} . Really nice solution, @ZK LIn

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