Find the number of ordered pairs from the set of natural numbers from 1 to 20 such that which is divisible by 10.
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For 3 n , n = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , . . . we have cycles of 3 , 9 , 7 , 1 m o d 1 0
Similarly for 7 m , m = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , . . . we have cycles of 7 , 9 , 3 , 1 m o d 1 0
For any value of n , therefore, there is a corresponding value of m that would make 3 n + 7 m ≡ 0 m o d 1 0
Choose any value n , one m in each cycle of the powers of 7 will make the sum divisible by 1 0 , as there are 4 items in each cycle, 1 in every 4 values of m is valid. There are 2 0 possible values for m so 5 will work for each of the 2 0 values of n , so the answer is 5 ∗ 2 0 = 1 0 0