A bead on a circle

Consider a bead on a circle of radius R . R. The bead starts moving along the circle with velocity v 0 , v_0, subject to a friction force opposite to its velocity. The magnitude of the friction force is F = μ N , F=\mu N, where N N is the normal force on the trajectory and μ = 0.2 \mu=0.2 .

After it finishes the first complete circle, the velocity of the bead is v . v'.

What is the ratio v / v 0 ? v'/v_0?

Neglect the effect of gravity.


The answer is 0.2846.

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1 solution

Laszlo Mihaly
Oct 5, 2018

We will measure the distance x x along the circular path of the bead. The normal force is the centripetal force, m v 2 / R mv^2/R , and the equation of motion along the circular path is

m d v d t = μ m v 2 R m\frac{dv}{dt}= -\mu m \frac{v^2}{R}

We will use d v d t = d v d x d x d t = v d v d x \frac{dv}{dt}=\frac{dv}{dx}\frac{dx}{dt}=v\frac{dv}{dx} , and we get

d v d x = v μ R \frac{dv}{dx}= -v \frac{\mu}{R}

The solution of this differential equation is v = v 0 e μ x / R v=v_0 e^{-\mu x/R} , satisfying the initial condition of v = v 0 v=v_0 at x = 0 x=0 . After the first circle is completed we have x = 2 π R x=2\pi R and we get

v v 0 = e 2 π μ = 0.2846 \frac {v'}{v_0}= e^{-2\pi\mu}=0.2846

Great solution!!

Krishna Karthik - 1 year, 2 months ago

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