No Problemmo #4

Calculus Level 5

Let F : R R F : \mathbb R \to \mathbb R be a thrice differentiable function. Suppose that F ( 1 ) = 0 , F ( 3 ) = 4 F(1) = 0, F(3) =-4 and F ( x ) < 0 F'(x) < 0 for all x ( 1 2 , 3 ) x \in \left( \frac12, 3 \right) .

Let f ( x ) = x F ( x ) f(x) = x F(x) for all x R x\in \mathbb R .

If 1 3 x 2 F ( x ) d x = 12 \displaystyle \int_1^3 x^2 F'(x) \, dx = -12 and 1 3 x 3 F ( x ) d x = 40 \int_1^3 x^3 F''(x) \, dx = 40 , then which of the following statements are true?

  1. f ( 1 ) < 0 f'(1)<0
  2. f ( 2 ) < 0 f(2)<0
  3. f ( x ) 0 f'(x)\neq 0 for any x ( 1 , 3 ) x \in (1,3)
  4. f ( x ) = 0 f'(x)=0 for some x ( 1 , 3 ) x \in (1,3)
  5. 9 f ( 3 ) + f ( 1 ) 32 = 0 9f'(3)+f'(1)-32 = 0
  6. 1 3 f ( x ) d x = 12 \int _{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ f(x)dx } = 12
  7. 9 f ( 3 ) f ( 1 ) + 32 = 0 9f'(3)-f'(1)+32 = 0
  8. 1 3 f ( x ) d x = 12 \int _{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ f(x)dx } = -12

Enter your answer in the increasing sequence of numbers. For eg. If options 2,4 and 8 are correct, then input 248 as the answer.

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The answer is 12378.

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1 solution

James Wilson
Nov 12, 2017

I'll test each statement, starting with 1: f ( 1 ) = ( 1 ) F ( 1 ) + F ( 1 ) f'(1)=(1)F'(1)+F(1) . Because 1 lies in the interval ( 1 2 , 3 ) (\frac{1}{2},3) and F ( 1 ) = 0 F(1)=0 , f ( 1 ) = F ( 1 ) < 0 f'(1)=F'(1)<0 . Therefore, 1 is correct. Now 2: Since F ( 1 ) = 0 F(1)=0 , and F ( x ) < 0 F'(x)<0 for all x x leading up to 2 (and including 2), we can conclude F ( 2 ) < 0 f ( 2 ) = 2 F ( 2 ) < 0 F(2)<0 \Rightarrow f(2)=2F(2)<0 . Therefore, 2 is correct. 3 is correct because x > 0 x>0 , F ( x ) < 0 F'(x)<0 , and F ( x ) < 0 F(x)<0 (since F ( 1 ) = 0 F(1)=0 and the function is decreasing) over the interval ( 1 , 3 ) (1,3) , which implies f ( x ) = x F ( x ) + F ( x ) < 0 f'(x)=xF'(x)+F(x)<0 (so, in particular, it can't be equal to zero). 4 is the negation of 3, so it's false. There is not enough information to prove 5. However, there is enough information to prove 7. The only way 5 and 7 can both be true is if f ( 3 ) = 0 f'(3)=0 . However, there is not enough information to tell the value of F ( 3 ) F'(3) , so one cannot tell whether this is true or not. Perhaps someone can contribute to this solution by finding a function that satisfies all of the original hypotheses, but where f ( 3 ) 0 f'(3)\neq 0 . Now, moving to 6: Using 1 3 x 2 F ( x ) d x = 12 \int_1^3 x^2F'(x)dx=-12 , and integrating by parts: [ x 2 F ( x ) 2 x F ( x ) d x ] 1 3 = 9 F ( 3 ) F ( 1 ) 2 1 3 x F ( x ) d x = 12 9 ( 4 ) 0 2 1 3 f ( x ) d x = 12 1 3 f ( x ) d x = 12 \Big[x^2F(x)-\int 2xF(x)dx\Big]_1^3=9F(3)-F(1)-2\int_1^3 xF(x)dx=-12\Rightarrow 9(-4)-0-2\int_1^3 f(x)dx=-12 \Rightarrow \int_1^3 f(x)dx=-12 . Therefore, 6 is false and 8 is true. The last one to test is 7. Start with 1 3 x 3 F ( x ) d x = 40 \int_1^3 x^3F''(x)dx=40 , and integrate by parts: [ x 3 F ( x ) 3 x 2 F ( x ) d x ] 1 3 = 27 F ( 3 ) F ( 1 ) 3 1 3 x 2 F ( x ) d x \Big[x^3F'(x)-\int 3x^2F'(x)dx\Big]_1^3=27F'(3)-F'(1)-3\int_1^3 x^2F'(x)dx = 9 ( 3 F ( 3 ) + F ( 3 ) F ( 3 ) ) ( ( 1 ) F ( 1 ) + F ( 1 ) ) 3 ( 12 ) = 9 ( f ( 3 ) F ( 3 ) ) f ( 1 ) + 36 =9(3F'(3)+F(3)-F(3))-((1)F'(1)+F(1))-3(-12)=9(f'(3)-F(3))-f'(1)+36 = 9 ( f ( 3 ) + 4 ) f ( 1 ) + 36 = 9 f ( 3 ) f ( 1 ) + 72 = 40 9 f ( 3 ) f ( 1 ) + 32 = 0 =9(f'(3)+4)-f'(1)+36=9f'(3)-f'(1)+72=40\Rightarrow 9f'(3)-f'(1)+32=0 . Hence, 7 is true. So, the answer is 12378.

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