Let F : R → R be a thrice differentiable function. Suppose that F ( 1 ) = 0 , F ( 3 ) = − 4 and F ′ ( x ) < 0 for all x ∈ ( 2 1 , 3 ) .
Let f ( x ) = x F ( x ) for all x ∈ R .
If ∫ 1 3 x 2 F ′ ( x ) d x = − 1 2 and ∫ 1 3 x 3 F ′ ′ ( x ) d x = 4 0 , then which of the following statements are true?
Enter your answer in the increasing sequence of numbers. For eg. If options 2,4 and 8 are correct, then input 248 as the answer.
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I'll test each statement, starting with 1: f ′ ( 1 ) = ( 1 ) F ′ ( 1 ) + F ( 1 ) . Because 1 lies in the interval ( 2 1 , 3 ) and F ( 1 ) = 0 , f ′ ( 1 ) = F ′ ( 1 ) < 0 . Therefore, 1 is correct. Now 2: Since F ( 1 ) = 0 , and F ′ ( x ) < 0 for all x leading up to 2 (and including 2), we can conclude F ( 2 ) < 0 ⇒ f ( 2 ) = 2 F ( 2 ) < 0 . Therefore, 2 is correct. 3 is correct because x > 0 , F ′ ( x ) < 0 , and F ( x ) < 0 (since F ( 1 ) = 0 and the function is decreasing) over the interval ( 1 , 3 ) , which implies f ′ ( x ) = x F ′ ( x ) + F ( x ) < 0 (so, in particular, it can't be equal to zero). 4 is the negation of 3, so it's false. There is not enough information to prove 5. However, there is enough information to prove 7. The only way 5 and 7 can both be true is if f ′ ( 3 ) = 0 . However, there is not enough information to tell the value of F ′ ( 3 ) , so one cannot tell whether this is true or not. Perhaps someone can contribute to this solution by finding a function that satisfies all of the original hypotheses, but where f ′ ( 3 ) = 0 . Now, moving to 6: Using ∫ 1 3 x 2 F ′ ( x ) d x = − 1 2 , and integrating by parts: [ x 2 F ( x ) − ∫ 2 x F ( x ) d x ] 1 3 = 9 F ( 3 ) − F ( 1 ) − 2 ∫ 1 3 x F ( x ) d x = − 1 2 ⇒ 9 ( − 4 ) − 0 − 2 ∫ 1 3 f ( x ) d x = − 1 2 ⇒ ∫ 1 3 f ( x ) d x = − 1 2 . Therefore, 6 is false and 8 is true. The last one to test is 7. Start with ∫ 1 3 x 3 F ′ ′ ( x ) d x = 4 0 , and integrate by parts: [ x 3 F ′ ( x ) − ∫ 3 x 2 F ′ ( x ) d x ] 1 3 = 2 7 F ′ ( 3 ) − F ′ ( 1 ) − 3 ∫ 1 3 x 2 F ′ ( x ) d x = 9 ( 3 F ′ ( 3 ) + F ( 3 ) − F ( 3 ) ) − ( ( 1 ) F ′ ( 1 ) + F ( 1 ) ) − 3 ( − 1 2 ) = 9 ( f ′ ( 3 ) − F ( 3 ) ) − f ′ ( 1 ) + 3 6 = 9 ( f ′ ( 3 ) + 4 ) − f ′ ( 1 ) + 3 6 = 9 f ′ ( 3 ) − f ′ ( 1 ) + 7 2 = 4 0 ⇒ 9 f ′ ( 3 ) − f ′ ( 1 ) + 3 2 = 0 . Hence, 7 is true. So, the answer is 12378.