A Challenging Probability Question

( ACT Difficult) An integer from 100 100 through 999 999 inclusive is to be chosen at random. What is the probability the number chosen has 0 0 in at least one of its digits?

Eg. 101 , 890 101, 890

171/900 271/1000 81/900 19/900 90/900

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1 solution

Justin Arun
May 29, 2018

Because we are working with numbers in the triple digits, our numbers with at least one 0 0 will have that 0 0 in either the units digit or the tens digit. The first 10 10 numbers of 200 , 300 , 400 , 500 , 600 , 700 , 800 , 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 900 will be counted, which gives us 90 90 possibilities so far. Now, find the rest that has a zero in 100 100 , not including itself, as we have already counted it: 110 , 120 , 130 , 140 , 150 , 160 , 170 , 180 , 190. 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190. If we do this to every number, we get 81 81 more possibilities ( 9 9 x 9 9 ). Add the two sets together ( 90 90 and 81 81 ) to give 171 171 out of the 900 900 possibilities total (there are 900 numbers between 100 100 and 899 899 ), and this gives 171 / 900 171/900

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