A bucket is left out in the rain. Will the speed at which the bucket is filled with water be altered if a wind starts to blow?
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The speed of filling (i.e. the amount of liquid which falls into the bucket during unit time) will not change, for although the area of the cross-section of rain falling into the bucket decreases ( S 1 = S cos α ) , the velocity of the drops not only changes direction but also increases in magnitude. In other words, the speed at which the bucket fills up depends only on the vertical velocity of the drops which is not altered by the wind.
You could add in your proof that this new increased velocity of the raindrops in the direction of bucket is v 1 = cos α v , so that v ⋅ S = v 1 ⋅ S 1 .
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Because when wind blows the rain water gets deflected but water from from sideways takes its place after being deflected.