How many 4-digit integers have at least one digit repeated?
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We will first consider the number of 4-digit integers that have no digits repeated. Note that we have 9 choices for the thousands digit, 9 choices for the hundreds digit (as we can't repeat the first number, and we can now choose 0) 8 choices for the tens digit and 7 choices for the units digit. So the number of 4-digit numbers in which all digits are different is 9 × 9 × 8 × 7 = 4 5 3 6 .
Since there are 9000 4-digit integers, the number of these that have at least one digit repeated is 9 0 0 0 − 4 5 3 6 = 4 4 6 4 .