A fair coin is to be tossed times. Let , in lowest terms, be the probability that heads never occur on consecutive tosses. Find .
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A "double-head-free" (or DHF) sequence of n tosses is one of
It is standard that the number of ways of tiling a 1 × n chessboard with 1 × 1 squares and 1 × 2 dominoes is F n + 1 , the ( n + 1 )st Fibonacci numbers. Thus we deduce that there are F n + 2 = F n + 1 + F n DHF sequences of length n . Thus the probability that a sequence of n tosses is DHF is 2 n F n + 2 In the case that n = 1 0 , this is equal to 6 4 9 , making the answer 9 + 6 4 = 7 3 .