A complicated circle inside a square

Geometry Level 4

Given a circle is inscribed in a square A B C D ABCD with sides of length 12 12 . Point M M is on A B AB such that A M = 5 AM=5 . Let P P and Q Q be points of intersections of M D MD and the circle, with P P closer to A B AB . If the length of M P = a b c d MP=\frac{a-b\sqrt{c}}{d} in simplest form, find a + b + c + d a+b+c+d


The answer is 122.

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1 solution

Tai Ching Kan
Dec 17, 2015

After drawing a diagram, I went straight onto an algebraic approach, which I doubt is the best of approaches as it led to a nasty quadratic. I would greatly appreciate it if someone here could suggest another solution. Thank you.


With point A A in the upper-left corner and A B C D ABCD clockwise, I first let D D have coordinates ( 0 , 0 ) (0,0) , and the positive x x -axis be in the direction of D C DC . The line D M DM therefore has equation 5 y = 12 x 5y=12x and the circle ( x 6 ) 2 + ( y 6 ) 2 = 36 (x-6)^{2}+(y-6)^{2}=36 , which we shall call equations ( 1 ) (1) and ( 2 ) (2) respectively.


Replacing y y with 12 5 x \frac{12}{5}x in ( 2 ) (2) leads us, after simplification, to the nasty quadratic I was on about in the beginning:

169 x 2 1020 x + 900 = 0 169x^{2}-1020x+900=0 ,

leading us to the solutions

x = 510 ± 60 30 169 x=\frac{510\pm60\sqrt{30}}{169} .

Looking back at our diagram, the ' + + ' solution corresponds to P P , while the ' - ' solution corresponds to Q Q . We're after P P , so take the ' + + ' solution.

y y is simply 12 5 x \frac{12}{5}x , so

y = 1224 + 144 30 169 y=\frac{1224+144\sqrt{30}}{169} .

M M has coordinates ( 5 , 12 ) (5,12) , so the distance M P MP is:

M P = ( 5 x ) 2 + ( 12 y ) 2 MP=\sqrt{(5-x)^{2}+(12-y)^{2}} \;\;\;\;\; (See 'Details:' below (written after final boxed answer))

M P = 67 12 30 13 MP=\frac{67-12\sqrt{30}}{13}

Therefore, the final answer appears:

a + b + c + d = 67 + 12 + 30 + 13 = 122 a+b+c+d=67+12+30+13=\boxed{122}



Details:

After some tedious algebra (I didn't want to use WolframAlpha as I wanted to test myself),

M P = 1 13 8809 1608 30 MP=\frac{1}{13}\sqrt{8809-1608\sqrt{30}}

This is not in the form required, so I was convinced this was a perfect square.


Consider ( a b 30 ) 2 (a-b\sqrt{30})^{2} :

= a 2 2 a b 30 + 30 b 2 =a^{2}-2ab\sqrt{30}+30b^{2}

Comparing it with 8809 1608 30 8809-1608\sqrt{30} ,

a 2 + 30 b 2 = 8809 a^{2}+30b^{2}=8809 , (Equation 3)

a b = 804 = 2 2 × 3 × 67 ab=804=2^{2}\times3\times67 (Equation 4)

Since the square of any real number 0 \geq0 ,

a 2 8809 a^{2}\leq8809 and 30 b 2 8809 30b^{2}\leq8809

Looking at the factorised form of Equation 4, the only integers a a and b b which satisfy both equation 4 and the inequalities are a = 67 a=67 and b = 12 b=12 .

After confirming that ( 67 12 30 ) 2 (67-12\sqrt{30})^{2} does equal 8809 1608 30 8809-1608\sqrt{30} , the answer surfaces:

M P = 67 12 30 13 MP=\frac{67-12\sqrt{30}}{13} , and as before,

a + b + c + d = 67 + 12 + 30 + 13 = 122 a+b+c+d=67+12+30+13=\boxed{122}

@William Isoroku do you have a non-Coordinate-Geometry solution?

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 5 months ago

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