Given a circle is inscribed in a square with sides of length . Point is on such that . Let and be points of intersections of and the circle, with closer to . If the length of in simplest form, find
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After drawing a diagram, I went straight onto an algebraic approach, which I doubt is the best of approaches as it led to a nasty quadratic. I would greatly appreciate it if someone here could suggest another solution. Thank you.
With point A in the upper-left corner and A B C D clockwise, I first let D have coordinates ( 0 , 0 ) , and the positive x -axis be in the direction of D C . The line D M therefore has equation 5 y = 1 2 x and the circle ( x − 6 ) 2 + ( y − 6 ) 2 = 3 6 , which we shall call equations ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) respectively.
Replacing y with 5 1 2 x in ( 2 ) leads us, after simplification, to the nasty quadratic I was on about in the beginning:
1 6 9 x 2 − 1 0 2 0 x + 9 0 0 = 0 ,
leading us to the solutions
x = 1 6 9 5 1 0 ± 6 0 3 0 .
Looking back at our diagram, the ' + ' solution corresponds to P , while the ' − ' solution corresponds to Q . We're after P , so take the ' + ' solution.
y is simply 5 1 2 x , so
y = 1 6 9 1 2 2 4 + 1 4 4 3 0 .
M has coordinates ( 5 , 1 2 ) , so the distance M P is:
M P = ( 5 − x ) 2 + ( 1 2 − y ) 2 (See 'Details:' below (written after final boxed answer))
M P = 1 3 6 7 − 1 2 3 0
Therefore, the final answer appears:
a + b + c + d = 6 7 + 1 2 + 3 0 + 1 3 = 1 2 2
Details:
After some tedious algebra (I didn't want to use WolframAlpha as I wanted to test myself),
M P = 1 3 1 8 8 0 9 − 1 6 0 8 3 0
This is not in the form required, so I was convinced this was a perfect square.
Consider ( a − b 3 0 ) 2 :
= a 2 − 2 a b 3 0 + 3 0 b 2
Comparing it with 8 8 0 9 − 1 6 0 8 3 0 ,
a 2 + 3 0 b 2 = 8 8 0 9 , (Equation 3)
a b = 8 0 4 = 2 2 × 3 × 6 7 (Equation 4)
Since the square of any real number ≥ 0 ,
a 2 ≤ 8 8 0 9 and 3 0 b 2 ≤ 8 8 0 9
Looking at the factorised form of Equation 4, the only integers a and b which satisfy both equation 4 and the inequalities are a = 6 7 and b = 1 2 .
After confirming that ( 6 7 − 1 2 3 0 ) 2 does equal 8 8 0 9 − 1 6 0 8 3 0 , the answer surfaces:
M P = 1 3 6 7 − 1 2 3 0 , and as before,
a + b + c + d = 6 7 + 1 2 + 3 0 + 1 3 = 1 2 2