A Confused Equation!

Algebra Level 4

( n n 1 ) 6 + ( n 2 k ) 6 + ( n + 3 n + 1 ) 3 3 ( n 2 k ) 2 ( n + 3 2 ) = n 2 \large{\dfrac{\binom{n}{n-1}^6 + \binom{n-2}{k}^6 + \binom{n+3}{n+1}^3 }{3 \binom{n-2}{k}^2 \binom{n+3}{2} } = n^2}

Determine the sum of all positive integers n , k n,k for which the above equation satisfies.


The answer is 8.

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1 solution

Satyajit Mohanty
Aug 14, 2015

By the AM-GM Inequality, we have:

( n n 1 ) 6 + ( n 2 k ) 6 + ( n + 3 n + 1 ) 3 3 \dfrac{\binom{n}{n-1}^6 + \binom{n-2}{k}^6 + \binom{n+3}{n+1}^3 }{3 } ( n n 1 ) 6 ( n 2 k ) 6 ( n + 3 n + 1 ) 3 3 = ( n n 1 ) 2 ( n 2 k ) 2 ( n + 3 n + 1 ) = n 2 ( n 2 k ) 2 ( n + 3 2 ) \geq \sqrt[3]{\binom{n}{n-1}^6 \binom{n-2}{k}^6 \binom{n+3}{n+1}^3} = \binom{n}{n-1}^2 \binom{n-2}{k}^2 \binom{n+3}{n+1} = n^2 \binom{n-2}{k}^2 \binom{n+3}{2}

where equality holds if and only if:

( n n 1 ) 6 = ( n 2 k ) 6 = ( n + 3 n + 1 ) 3 \binom{n}{n-1}^6 = \binom{n-2}{k}^6 = \binom{n+3}{n+1}^3

which is equivalent to:

n 2 = ( n 2 k ) 2 = ( n + 3 2 ) n^2 = \binom{n-2}{k}^2 = \binom{n+3}{2}

Comparing the inequality obtained to the original equation, we see that we need the equality in our inequality in order for the original equation to be true.

Solving n 2 = ( n 2 k ) 2 = ( n + 3 2 ) n^2 = \binom{n-2}{k}^2 = \binom{n+3}{2} , we get n = 6 n=6 and k = 2 k=2 only.

Thus n + k = 6 + 2 = 8 n+k = 6+2 = \boxed{8}

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