A B C D is a parallelogram with side lengths A B = 1 5 , B C = 1 0 and ∠ A D C = 7 5 ∘ . A point P in the interior of the parallelogram is chosen such that ∠ A P D + ∠ C P B = 1 8 0 ∘ . What is the measure (in degrees) of ∠ P A D + ∠ P C B ?
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Let P ′ be the translation of point P by A B . Since A P D gets translated to B P ′ C , we have that ∠ B P ′ C + ∠ C P B = 1 8 0 ∘ , which shows that these 4 points are concyclic. Let P P ′ intersect B C at X . Hence, ∠ D A P + ∠ B C P = ∠ C B P ′ + ∠ B C P = ∠ C P P ′ + ∠ B C P = 1 8 0 ∘ − ∠ P X C . Since P P ′ is parallel to D C , ∠ P X C = 1 8 0 ∘ − ∠ X C D = ∠ C D A , so ∠ D A P + ∠ B C P = 1 8 0 ∘ − 7 5 ∘ = 1 0 5 ∘ .
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Translate △ A P D by adding A B to get △ B P ′ C ≅ △ A P D such that P P ′ ∥ A B .
Let E be the intersection of P P ′ and B C .
Then m ∠ C P B + m ∠ B P ′ C = m ∠ C P B + m ∠ A P D = 1 8 0 ∘ , so B P ′ C P is cyclic.
This implies
m ∠ P A D + m ∠ P C B = m ∠ P ′ B C + m ∠ P P ′ B ( B P ′ C P cyclic)
= 1 8 0 ∘ − m ∠ P ′ E B (angles of a triangle sum to 1 8 0 ∘ )
= 1 8 0 ∘ − m ∠ A D C ( P P ′ ∥ A B ∥ C D )
= 1 8 0 ∘ − 7 5 ∘ = 1 0 5 ∘ .