A dancing marble

A massive hemispherical bowl of radius R R is placed on the table as shown. A small marble is moving steadily in the bowl create a circular path in XY plane with radius r r . If the marble is given a tiny kick so the marble has small z velocity component (parallel to the axis of the bowl). The angular frequency of small oscillation can be written as: ω = F ( r ) × g R \omega = F(r) \times \sqrt{\frac{g}{R}} . Find F ( r ) F(r) when r = 0.5 R r = 0.5R . Round your answer to 2 decimal places!


The answer is 1.07.

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1 solution

Gerry Dunda
Feb 26, 2018

First, consider the marble at equilibrium and use spherical coordinate. By Newton's second law we obtain

m ϕ 0 2 ˙ R cos θ = N cos θ 0 m\dot{\phi_0^2}R\cos \theta = N \cos \theta_0 (1)...

m g = N sin θ 0 mg=N\sin \theta_0 (2)...

Divide (1) and (2) we get

ϕ 0 2 ˙ = g R sin θ 0 \dot{\phi_0^2}=\frac {g}{R\sin \theta_0} (3)...

Now let's look at the motion of the marble after given a perturbation and again use spherical coordinate for convenience

The angular momentum of the system is conserved so we can write

m R 2 cos 2 θ 0 ϕ 0 ˙ = m R 2 cos 2 θ ϕ ˙ mR^2\cos^2 \theta_0 \dot{\phi_0} = mR^2 \cos^2 \theta \dot{\phi}

ϕ ˙ = ϕ 0 ˙ cos 2 θ 0 cos 2 θ \dot{\phi} = \dot{\phi_0} \frac {\cos^2 \theta_0}{\cos^2 \theta} (4)...

and the energy of the system is also conserved, given as

E = 1 2 m ( R 2 cos 2 θ ϕ 2 ˙ + R 2 θ 2 ˙ ) m g R sin θ E = \frac {1}{2}m(R^2 \cos^2 \theta \dot{\phi^2}+R^2 \dot{\theta^2})-mgR \sin \theta (5)...

Substitute eq (4) to (5) and then set the derivative of energy with respect to time equals zero due to energy conservation and using eq (3) we obtain

0 = g R cos 4 θ 0 sin θ sin θ 0 cos 3 θ + R 2 θ ¨ g R cos θ 0 = \frac {gR \cos^4 \theta_0 \sin \theta}{\sin \theta_0 \cos^3 \theta}+R^2 \ddot{\theta}-gR\cos \theta

The particle is given a small kick in z-direction hence the small change in theta. Let's this change named as ϵ \epsilon so according to Taylor expansion up to first order

sin θ sin θ 0 + ϵ cos θ 0 \sin \theta \approx \sin \theta_0 + \epsilon \cos \theta_0

and

cos θ cos θ 0 ϵ sin θ 0 \cos \theta \approx \cos \theta_0 - \epsilon \sin \theta_0

This simplifies equation to (maintaining the first order of ϵ \epsilon only)

0 = ϵ ¨ + g R ( 4 sin θ 0 + cot θ 0 cos θ 0 ) ϵ 0=\ddot{\epsilon}+\frac {g}{R} (4 \sin \theta_0 + \cot \theta_0 \cos \theta_0)\epsilon

So, the angular frequency is given by

ω = g R 4 sin θ 0 + cot θ 0 cos θ 0 \omega = \sqrt{\frac {g}{R}} \sqrt{4 \sin \theta_0 + \cot \theta_0 \cos \theta_0}

Plug in r = 0.5 R r = 0.5R we get

F ( r = 0.5 R ) = 2 3 + 3 6 = 1.94 F(r=0.5R) = \sqrt{2\sqrt{3}+\frac {\sqrt{3}}{6}} = 1.94

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