A dilemma

Algebra Level pending

Can the real and imaginary part of ( 1 + x i ) (1+xi) ever be equal provided that x x is a real and n n is a positive integer?

Note :
i = -1^(1/2)

Data inadequate Imaginary part does not exist Yes No

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2 solutions

Spencer Whitehead
Mar 13, 2016

Imaginary part is the coefficient to i i . Therefore we have a solution at x = 1 x=1 .

Tom Engelsman
Oct 31, 2020

I believe you meant to say ( 1 + x i ) n (1+xi)^{n} in your problem statement, Raven Herd. In this case, we have:

( 1 + x i ) n = [ 1 + x 2 e i arctan ( x ) ] n = ( 1 + x 2 ) n / 2 e i n arctan ( x ) = ( 1 + x 2 ) n / 2 [ cos ( n arctan ( x ) ) + i sin ( n arctan ( x ) ) ] (1+xi)^{n} = [\sqrt{1+x^2} \cdot e^{i\arctan(x)}]^n = (1+x^2)^{n/2} \cdot e^{i \cdot n\arctan(x)} = (1+x^2)^{n/2} \cdot [\cos(n\arctan(x)) + i \sin(n\arctan(x))] .

We'd like the real and the imaginary parts to equal each other, which yields:

( 1 + x 2 ) n / 2 cos ( n arctan ( x ) ) = ( 1 + x 2 ) n / 2 sin ( n arctan ( x ) ) (1+x^2)^{n/2} \cos(n\arctan(x)) = (1+x^2)^{n/2} \sin(n\arctan(x)) ;

or 1 = sin ( n arctan ( x ) ) cos ( n arctan ( x ) ) = tan ( n arctan ( x ) ) ; 1 = \frac{\sin(n\arctan(x))}{\cos(n\arctan(x))} = \tan(n\arctan(x));

or π 4 = n arctan ( x ) ; \frac{\pi}{4} = n\arctan(x);

or tan ( π 4 n ) = x \boxed{\tan(\frac{\pi}{4n}) = x}

which satisfies x ( 0 , 1 ] , n N . x \in (0,1], n \in \mathbb{N}.

The answer is YES.

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