How many rational solutions exist to the equation x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 3 ( x + y + z ) + 5 = 0 ?
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The answer is 0. Since x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 3 ( x + y + z ) + 5 = 0 , it implies that ( 2 x + 3 ) 2 + ( 2 y + 3 ) 2 + ( 2 z + 3 ) 2 = 7 .If there exists rational solutions x,y,z satisfying this condition,then there exists a,b,c,m which are integral such that they satisfy a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 7 m 2 .We will use Fermat's method of infinite decent.If ( a 0 , b 0 , c 0 , m 0 ) is the least integral solution,then we will prove that there exists ( a 1 , b 1 , c 1 , m 1 ) such that m1<m0 and (a1 , b1 , c1 , m1) is a solution to a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 7 m 2 . If m 0 is odd then: a 0 2 + b 0 2 + c 0 2 = 7 ( m o d 8 ) which is impossible.So m 0 is even,which implies that a 0 , b 0 , c 0 are all even(The proof is easy).And hence a 0 , b 0 , c 0 a n d m 0 are even.Hence if we have a 1 = a 0 / 2 ; b 1 = b 0 / 2 ; c 1 = c 0 / 2 ; m 1 = m 1 / 2 then (a1 , b1 , c1 , m1) becomes a least integral solution.A contradiction.
Q.E.D
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