A probability problem by D G

Let a β ( n ) a_\beta(n) and b β ( n ) b_\beta(n) equal the number of digits and the number of unique digits in the base β \beta representation of n n , respectively.

Let f β ( n ) = a β ( n ) + b β ( n ) f_\beta(n) = a_\beta(n) + b_\beta(n) .

Let r β ( g ) r_\beta(g) equal the smallest positive integer n n such that f β ( n ) = g f_\beta(n) = g .

Given β \beta , it can be shown that for all integers g g above some value, r β ( g ) = β g κ β + λ β r_\beta(g) = \beta^{g - \kappa_{\beta}} + \lambda_{\beta} , where κ β \kappa_{\beta} and λ β \lambda_{\beta} are constants.

Find the sum of the digits of ( λ 100 ) 100 (\lambda_{100})_{100} ( λ 100 \lambda_{100} represented in base 100 100 ).

Examples

a 10 ( 12321 ) = 5 , b 10 ( 12321 ) = 3 a_{10}(12321) = 5, b_{10}(12321) = 3


The answer is 4949.

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1 solution

Let us consider a number g g , and try to find out r β ( g ) r_{\beta}(g) . First note that f β ( r β ( g ) ) = g a β + b β = g f_{\beta}(r_\beta(g))=g\implies a_\beta+b_{\beta}=g . If g 2 β g\ge 2\beta , then, note that, since b β β b_{\beta}\le \beta , and a β b β a_\beta\ge b_{\beta} , the only possible solution is b β = β , a β = g β b_\beta=\beta,\ a_\beta=g-\beta . Then, we have r β ( g ) = β g β 1 + β g β 1 0 + β g β 2 1 + β g β 3 2 + + β 0 ( β 1 ) r_\beta(g)=\beta^{g-\beta}\cdot 1+\beta^{g-\beta-1}\cdot 0+\beta^{g-\beta-2}\cdot 1+\beta^{g-\beta-3}\cdot 2+\cdots+\beta^{0}\cdot (\beta-1) , i.e. κ β = β , λ β = β g β 2 1 + β g β 3 2 + + β 0 ( β 1 ) \kappa_\beta=\beta,\ \lambda_\beta=\beta^{g-\beta-2}\cdot 1+\beta^{g-\beta-3}\cdot 2+\cdots+\beta^{0}\cdot (\beta-1) . Thus, the required answer is i = 2 β 1 i = ( β 2 ) 1 = ( 100 2 ) 1 = 4949 \sum_{i=2}^{\beta-1}i=\binom{\beta}{2}-1=\binom{100}{2}-1=\boxed{4949} .

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