A generic inequality

Algebra Level pending

Given that a , b , c a,b,c are positive real numbers and a + b + c = 1 a+b+c=1 .

Is it always true that a 4 + b 4 + c 4 a b c a^4+b^4+c^4 \geq abc ?

Bonus: If it is true, prove the inequality.

Yes No

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4 solutions

Alice Smith
May 5, 2020

Notice that a + b + c = 1 a+b+c=1 :

a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = 1 2 ( a 4 + b 4 + a 4 + c 4 + b 4 + c 4 ) 1 2 ( 2 a 2 b 2 + 2 a 2 c 2 + 2 b 2 c 2 ) = 1 2 ( a 2 b 2 + a 2 c 2 + a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + a 2 c 2 + b 2 c 2 ) 1 2 ( 2 a b a c + 2 a b b c + 2 a c b c ) = a 2 b c + a b 2 c + a b c 2 = a b c ( a + b + c ) = a b c \displaystyle a^4+b^4+c^4\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}(a^4+b^4+a^4+c^4+b^4+c^4)\\ \geq\dfrac{1}{2}(2a^2b^2+2a^2c^2+2b^2c^2)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}(a^2b^2+a^2c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2)\\ \geq\dfrac{1}{2}(2ab\cdot ac+2ab\cdot bc+2ac\cdot bc)\\ =a^2bc+ab^2c+abc^2\\ =abc(a+b+c)\\ =abc

The two equalities are achieved if and only if a = b = c = 1 3 a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3} , so a 4 + b 4 + c 4 a^4+b^4+c^4 can be equal to a b c abc , thus the geq sign.

Almost the same as Alice 's solution.

We know that, since a , b , c a, b, c are reals, therefore

( a 2 b 2 ) 2 + ( b 2 c 2 ) 2 + ( c 2 a 2 ) 2 0 a 4 + b 4 + c 4 a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 (a^2-b^2)^2+(b^2-c^2)^2+(c^2-a^2)^2\geq 0\implies a^4+b^4+c^4\geq a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2 .

Now, a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 2 a b 2 c a^2b^2+b^2c^2\geq 2ab^2c (A. M. - G. M. inequality)

b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 2 a b c 2 b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq 2abc^2

and c 2 a 2 + a 2 b 2 2 a 2 b c c^2a^2+a^2b^2\geq 2a^2bc .

Therefore 2 ( a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 ) 2 a b c ( a + b + c ) a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 a b c 2(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)\geq 2abc(a+b+c)\implies a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq abc . (since a + b + c = 1 a+b+c=1 ).

Hence, a 4 + b 4 + c 4 a b c a^4+b^4+c^4\geq abc .

Abhishek Sinha
May 6, 2020

Without any loss of generality, assume a b c . a\geq b \geq c. We have a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = a 2 a 2 + b 2 b 2 + c 2 c 2 ( a ) a 2 b c + b 2 c a + c 2 a b = a b c ( a + b + c ) = ( b ) a b c . a^4 + b^4 +c^4 = a^2\cdot a^2 + b^2 \cdot b^2 + c^2 \cdot c^2 \stackrel{(a)}{\geq} a^2 bc + b^2 ca + c^2 ab = abc (a+b+c)\stackrel{(b)}{=} abc. where the step (a) follows from the Rearrangement inequality , and the step (b) follows from the fact that a + b + c = 1. a+b+c=1.

I wonder how exactly the Rearrangement inequality is used.

Alice Smith - 1 year, 1 month ago

Use the Rearrangemeny inequality multiple times a 2 a 2 + b 2 b 2 + c 2 c 2 a 2 b a + b 2 a b + c 2 c 2 a 2 b c + b 2 a b + c 2 a c a 2 b c + b 2 c a + c 2 a b . a^2 a^2 + b^2 b^2 +c^2 c^2 \geq a^2b a + b^2a b + c^2 c^2 \geq a^2bc + b^2a b + c^2 a c \geq a^2bc + b^2ca + c^2 ab.

Abhishek Sinha - 1 year, 1 month ago

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OK, thanks!

Alice Smith - 1 year, 1 month ago

I just put: a = 1 , b = 1 , c = 0 a = 1, b = 1 , c = 0 and a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = a b c a^4 + b^4 + c^4 = abc so I put yes.

Good. Can you generally prove it?

Alice Smith - 1 year, 1 month ago

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No... Help, I guess?

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 1 month ago

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I posted a solution here, but I think the solution isn't elegant enough and not easy to think up. Maybe it can help you.

Alice Smith - 1 year, 1 month ago

For a = 1 , b = 1 , c = 0 , a=1,b=1,c=0, how do a 4 + b 4 + c 4 a^4+b^4+c^4 and a b c abc equal?

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 1 month ago

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Sorry - just realised!

A Former Brilliant Member - 1 year, 1 month ago

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