A B C is a right triangle with ∠ A C B = 9 0 ∘ . M is the midpoint of A B , and D is a point such that M C = M D with points C and D lying on opposite sides of A B , as shown in the diagram.
If ∠ D A B = 4 0 ∘ , what is ∠ D C A ?
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I tried to hide the fact that M is the circumcenter of the cyclic quad :)
Seems like most people missed it, because it wasn't clearly presented that way.
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Yes, that fact was well-disguised. This is the type of problem where the answer seems so obvious a f t e r you have solved it, but takes a while to get to that point. I noticed that A C B D was cyclic fairly quickly, but then for some reason it took me some time before I noticed that ∠ D A B = ∠ D C B . I think the blue lines were distracting my eyes from this fact. So I ended up chasing angles for a while before I first came up with the 5 0 ∘ answer in a roundabout way.
how is |AM|=|BM|=|MC|=|MD| , i could not this point ?
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Because ABC is a right triangle, we know that the circumcenter of ABC coincides with the midpoint of AB (which is M).
Then, we are given that M C = M D , so M is the circumcenter of these 4 points.
it was never mentioned why AM=CM ...
if you imagine that this shape is a shape with two headed arrows D and B. When it is folded the line AC is created. This means that angle DAB=Angle DCB= 40 so angle DCA= 90-40=50.
That is a good intuition, and it turns out to be true. However, you still have to explain why we get such a symmetric figure.
Put am=MB=L, CB=N and Cm=y. cos (b)=(N÷(2.L))={N^2+L^2-y^2}÷{2.N.L}. so L^2=y^2 so L=y ,,,,,,@∆ AMD , am=MD so. Angle (M D A) =40° and <AMD =100°. @∆ MCA cm=ma ,put Angle Mac=MCA=t and <CMA=u so U=180-2.t ,so Angle CMD=100+180-2.t=280-2.t ,,@∆ CMD Angle MCD= MDC =(180-(280-2.t))÷(2)=t-50°. so required Angle (ACD)=k=t-(t-50)=t-t+50 so k=50°########
As △ A B C is right triangle, we have M A ≅ M B ≅ M C ≅ M D , therefore quadrilateral A B D C is cyclic, hence ∠ A D B = 9 0 ∘ and ∠ D C A = ∠ A B D = 5 0 ∘
Know AM = MB = MC = MD. Triangles CDM, CMB, AMD, and CMA are all isosceles.
Angles ADC + ACD + CAD = 180.
Angle ADC = 40 - CDM. Angle ACD = ACM - DCM. Angle CAD = CAM + 40.
Substitute into second line.
(40 - CDM) + (ACM - DCM) + (CAM + 40) = 180.
80 - CDM - DCM + ACM + CAM = 180.
Since CDM = DCM and CAM = ACM,
2(ACM) - 2(DCM) = 100.
2(ACM - DCM) = 100.
ACM - DCM = 50.
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As M is the midpoint of A B , we have that ∣ A M ∣ = ∣ B M ∣ = ∣ M C ∣ = ∣ M D ∣ . So M is the center of a circle on which A , B , C and D lie. Then as both ∠ D A B and ∠ D C B are subtended by the same chord D B , we have that ∠ D C B = ∠ D A B = 4 0 ∘ .
Finally, as Δ A B C is right-angled at C we see that ∠ D C A = 9 0 ∘ − ∠ D C B = 5 0 ∘ .