A geometry problem by A Former Brilliant Member

Geometry Level 4

In right A B C \triangle ABC , P P and Q Q are on B C BC and A C AC , respectively, such that C P = C Q = 5 CP=CQ=5 . A line is drawn from C C passing through the intersection of A P AP and B Q BQ and meeting A B AB at S S .

Q P QP is extended so that it meets A B AB at T T . If A B = 25 AB=25 and A C = 20 AC=20 , find T S TS .


The answer is 60.

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2 solutions

Apply pythagorean theorem in A B C \triangle ABC ,

B C 2 = 2 5 2 2 0 2 BC^2=25^2-20^2 \implies B C 2 = 225 BC^2=225 \implies B C = 225 BC=\sqrt{225} \implies B C = 15 BC=15

It follows that, B P = 15 5 = 10 BP=15-5=10 .

In A B C \triangle ABC , since A P , B Q AP,BQ and C S CS are concurrent, we have

A Q Q C × C P P B × B S S A = 1 \dfrac{AQ}{QC} \times \dfrac{CP}{PB} \times \dfrac{BS}{SA}=1 ( Ceva's Theorem )

Substituting, we have

15 5 × 5 10 × B S 25 B S = 1 \dfrac{15}{5} \times \dfrac{5}{10} \times \dfrac{BS}{25-BS}=1 \implies B S = 10 BS=10

Now, consider A B C \triangle ABC with transversal Q P T QPT .

A Q Q C × C P P B × B T T A = 1 \dfrac{AQ}{QC} \times \dfrac{CP}{PB} \times \dfrac{BT}{TA}=-1 ( Menelaus' Theorem )

Since we are not dealing with directed line segments, this may be restated as

( A Q ) ( C P ) ( B T ) = ( Q C ) ( P B ) ( A T ) (AQ)(CP)(BT)=(QC)(PB)(AT)

Substituting, we have

( 15 ) ( 5 ) ( B T ) = ( 5 ) ( 10 ) ( B + 25 ) (15)(5)(BT)=(5)(10)(B+25) \implies B T = 50 BT=50

Finally, T S = B T + B S = 50 + 10 = TS=BT+BS=50+10= 60 \color{#3D99F6}\large\boxed{60} answer \boxed{\text{answer}}

I used Menelaus' Theorem on four triangles after naming intersection of CS and PQ as V.
Δ s a n d t r a n s v e r s a l s : B S C w i t h T P V , a n d S A C w i t h T V Q a n d g o t A T / T B = 15 / 10 B S C w i t h P R A , a n d S A C w i t h B R Q a n d g o t B S / A S = 10 / 15 A n d u s e d c o m p o n e n d o d i v i d e n d o t o o b t a i n T B = 50 a n d B S = 10. T S = 60. \Delta s~and ~transversals:- BSC~with~TPV, ~~~and ~SAC~with~TVQ~ ~~and~got ~AT/TB=15/10\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ~~~~~~~~~~ BSC~with~PRA, ~~~and ~SAC~with~BRQ~~~ and~got ~BS/AS=10/15\\ And~used ~componendo-dividendo~ to~ obtain~~TB=50~and~ BS=10.~~TS=60.
Brilliant Member's solution is a better one.

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