A number theory problem by Prithwish Roy

What will be the last (rightmost) digit in the decimal expansion of 100 ! 1 0 24 \dfrac{100!}{10^{24}} ?

Notation: ! ! is the factorial notation. For example, 8 ! = 1 × 2 × 3 × × 8 8! = 1\times2\times3\times\cdots\times8 .


The answer is 4.

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2 solutions

Ratul Pan
Feb 22, 2017

Though there are many formal methods yet, I think this can be one of the solutions.

We notice that 100 ! 100! has 24 trailing zeroes and hence the last non zero digit is the answer.

We notice that in 100 ! 100! , the last non zero term of 10 ! 10! is repeated again and again in the last non zero place.
I mean to say that the last non zero place in 11 × 12 × 13 × . . . . . . × 20 11 \times 12 \times 13\times ......\times 20 is same as that of the last non zero place in 1 × 2 × 3 × . . . . . . × 10 1 \times 2 \times 3\times ......\times 10 i.e. 10 ! 10!

Hence this will be repeated 10 times from 1 - 100 and hence the last digit will be the Last non zero digit in ( 10 ! ) 10 (10!)^{10}

Thus, 10 ! = 3628800 10! = 3628800 i.e the last non zero digit is 8
Hence last digit of 8 10 = 2 30 = 2 2 = 4 8^{10} = 2 ^{30} = 2^{2} = 4

The answer is 4 \boxed{4}

Friends if you don't like this you can find a more generalised and better method at (http://www.campusgate.co.in/2013/10/finding-right-most-non-zero-digit-of.html)

Shyam Upadhyay
Feb 22, 2017

Number of Digit at end of 100! will be 24 by using [100/5] +[100/25] .. now it will be canceled by denominator Now it is only depend on first non zero digit of 100! . 100! =10^20 . 20! . 2 ^20 now first non zero depend only of 20! .2^20 by observation last digit will be 4.

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