A lot of 5's ...

What is the remainder when 5 × 55 × 555 × × 555 55 5555 5\times 55\times 555 \times \ldots \times \underbrace{555\ldots 55}_{5555} is divided by 100 100 ?

Details and assumptions

There are 5555 digits in the last term of the product.


The answer is 25.

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14 solutions

Ishbir Singh
Dec 14, 2013

The first step here was to look for a pattern.

5 × 55 m o d 100 = 75 5 × 55 × 555 m o d 100 = 25 5 × 55 × 555 × 5555 m o d 100 = 75 5 × 55 × 555 × 5555 × 5555 m o d 100 = 25 5 \times 55 \mod 100 = 75 \\ 5 \times 55 \times 555 \mod 100 = 25 \\ 5 \times 55 \times 555 \times 5555 \mod 100 = 75 \\ 5 \times 55 \times 555 \times 5555 \times 5555 \mod 100 = 25

And so on.. now, observe that this gives us a rough conditional (I am a programmer, so..):

if numOf5sInLastNumber mod 2 is 0, then answer is 75, else 25.

Putting in 5555, which is not a multiple of 2, I get 25 which is the answer.

It is 55555 in the fourth equation, at the end before the mod. My bad.

Ishbir Singh - 7 years, 6 months ago

ya i 2 did it jst dis way

amogh joshi - 7 years, 6 months ago
Kyle Coughlin
Dec 8, 2013

5 55%100=25, then 25 55%100=75, and 75*55%100=25, So if there's an even number of times, it's 75, and if it's an odd number of times, it's 25. Since 5555 is odd, the answer is 25

Take mod 100 each term in the product to see how it will affect the remainder after being divided by 100. The question becomes: What is the remainder when the following is divided by 100?: 5 × 55 × 55 × 55.... × 55 5 \times 55 \times 55 \times 55 .... \times 55 with 5554 55's.

Next, I tried multiplying the first few terms out (remembering to take mod 100 of each term) and seeing if a pattern could be determined.
1st Term: 5 5
2nd Term: 5 × 55 = 275 = 75 m o d 100. 5 \times 55 = 275= 75 mod 100.
3rd Term: 75 × 55 = 75 × 52 + 3 × 75 = 225 m o d 100 = 25 m o d 100. 75 \times 55 = 75 \times 52 + 3 \times 75 = 225 mod 100 = 25 mod 100.
Note: 52 times 75 becomes 0 after taking mod 100, since 4 times any integer times 75 is going to be a multiple of 300.
4th Term: 25 × 55 = 52 × 25 + 3 × 25 = 0 + 75 = 75 m o d 100 25 \times 55 = 52 \times 25 + 3 \times 25 = 0+ 75 = 75 mod 100 by the same logic above.
There seems to be a pattern: After multiplying 25 by 55, a remainder of 75 is left over and after multiplying 75 by 55, a remainder of 25 is left over.
Now, It can be said that after an odd number of terms are multiplied together (in all cases except the first term), the remainder is 25; every even number of terms product ends has a remainder of 75.




Now, since 5555 is an odd number, it can be said that the remainder after being divided by 100 is 25 . \boxed{25}.

Jubayer Nirjhor
Dec 14, 2013

5 × 55 × 555 × × 555...555 5555 fives \nonumber 5 × 55 × 55 × 55 × × 55 5554 fifty fives ( m o d 100 ) \nonumber = 5 × 5 5 5554 \nonumber 5 × 25 ( m o d 100 ) \nonumber = 125 \nonumber 25 ( m o d 100 ) \begin{aligned} &~ &5\times 55\times 555\times \cdot\cdot\cdot\times \underbrace{555...555}_{5555~ \text{fives}} \nonumber \\ \\ &\equiv &5\times \underbrace{55\times 55\times 55 \times \cdot\cdot\cdot\times 55}_{5554~\text{fifty fives}} \pmod{100} \nonumber \\ \\ &=& 5\times 55^{5554} \nonumber \\ \\ &\equiv & 5\times 25 \pmod{100} \nonumber \\ \\ &=&125 \nonumber \\ \\ &\equiv &\fbox{25} \pmod{100} \end{aligned}

It's not immediately clear how you deduced that 5 5 5554 25 ( m o d 100 ) 55^{5554}\equiv 25 \pmod{100} .

In any case, I think Chinese Remainder Theorem destroys this problem much faster.

Jonathan Wong - 7 years, 6 months ago

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How can we solve it using the Chinese Remainder Theorem?

Led Tasso - 7 years, 6 months ago

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Clearly 5 × 55 × 555 × × 555 555 5555 0 ( m o d 25 ) 5\times55\times555\times\ldots\times\underbrace{555\ldots555}_\text{5555}\equiv 0\pmod{25} .

Now, 5 × 55 × × 555 555 5555 5 5555 1 5555 1 ( m o d 4 ) 5\times55\times\ldots\times\underbrace{555\ldots555}_\text{5555}\equiv 5^{5555} \equiv 1^{5555} \equiv 1 \pmod{4} .

By the Chinese Remainder Theorem, the solution of these two congruences is unique modulo 25 × 4 = 100 25\times4=100 . 25 \boxed{25} satisfies both, and we're done!

Jonathan Wong - 7 years, 6 months ago

I think 5 5 5524 ( m o d 100 ) 55^{5524} \equiv \pmod {100} can be proved by noting that ( 55 ) 5554 (55)^{5554} is same ( 3025 ) 2777 (3025)^{2777} . Clearly, 3025 25 ( m o d 100 ) 3025 \equiv 25 \pmod {100} .

Pranav Arora - 7 years, 5 months ago

Perfect explanation.

Mahesh Bongani - 7 years, 2 months ago
Ericson Diana
Dec 9, 2013

Using this pattern for 5 55 = 275 for 5 55 555=152625 for 5 55 555 5555=8479081875 for the last factor having even "5"s, the remainder when divided by 100 is 75 for the last factor having odd"5 "s, the remainder when divided by 100 is 25

for the problem, since the last factor is odd, then the answer must be 25

We can solve this problem by looking for the pattern .

The remainder of a number divided by 100 is same to the last two digits of the number.Therefore we need to find the last two digits of 5 × 55 × 555 × . . . × 555...55 5\times55\times555\times...\times555...55 } 5555 5555 .

(Note: 555...55 555...55 } 5555 5555 means there are 5555 5555 digits in that number.)

Now, let's look for the pattern:

5 × 55 = 275 5\times55=275 Last two digits: 75 75

5 × 55 × 555 = 152625 5\times55\times555=152625 Last two digits: 25 25

5 × 55 × . . . × 5555 = 847831875 5\times55\times...\times5555=847831875 Last two digits: 75 75

5 × . . . × 55555 = 47101299815625 5\times...\times55555=47101299815625 Last two digits: 25 25 ......

Can you see the pattern?The pattern is the last two digit of the products have the sequence: 75 , 25 , 75 , 25... 75,25,75,25...

We can see that the product ends with the digits 75 75 is a product of an even number of numbers(in the problem).For example, 5 × 55 = 275 5\times55=275 .The product ends with digits 75 75 ,and it is a product of two numbers, 5 5 and 55 55 .

On the other hand, the product ends with digits 25 25 is a product of an odd number of numbers(in the problem).By this pattern,

5 × 55 × 555 × . . . × 555...55 5\times55\times555\times...\times555...55 } 5555 5555 5555\rightarrow5555 numbers.( odd number )

Therefore,the remainder after dividing 100 100 (the last two digits) of the product is 25 \boxed{25} .

.

May I know how to write the 5555-digit number in LaTeX as the problem instead of mine: 555...55 555...55 } 5555 5555 ? Thanks.

A Former Brilliant Member - 7 years, 6 months ago

Use underbrace. $\underbrace{555\cdots555}_{5555}$

Shane Sukardy - 1 year ago
Isak Falk
Dec 9, 2013

First we realize that each term except for the first in 5 × 55 × 555 × . . . × 555..55 5 \times 55 \times 555 \times ... \times 555..55 , where the last term is 5555 5555 numbers of 5 5' s, are all equal to 55 m o d ( 100 ) 55 mod(100) due to splitting up the number into two parts, one consisting of trailing 5 5 55' s and the other of the 5 5' s before that.

Constructing a table yields: n n is the number of \(55')s

1. \(n=1, 55 mod(100)\).

  1. n = 2 , 25 m o d ( 100 ) n=2, 25 mod(100) .

  2. n = 3 , 75 m o d ( 100 ) n=3, 75 mod(100) .

  3. n = 4 , 25 m o d ( 100 ) n=4, 25 mod(100) .

At n = 4 n=4 we stop as we already know that the next element of the list will be 75 75 . We can thus conclude that as there are 5554 5554 of terms that are equal to 55 m o d ( 100 ) 55 mod(100) , the propduct of all these 5554 5554 terms is equal to 25 m o d ( 100 ) 25 mod(100) as 5554 5554 is even. Finally, we are left with a 5 5 , the answer can then be calculated: 5 × 25 = 125 = 25 m o d ( 100 ) 5 \times 25=125=25 mod(100) . Answer: 25 \boxed{25}

Lewis Tough
Dec 14, 2013

This can be solved with a little smaller-scale experimentation. To start, the remainder when a number is divided by 100 is the last 2 digits. So, 5 55 have last two digits 75, multiplying this by 555 gives last two 25, 5555 gives 75. and so on. From this, it is clear that there is an alternating pattern within the remainders. Since the last number (i.e. 5555) has an odd number digits, we look for when we last multiplied an odd number of digits was, which was 5 55*555, which gave us a remainder of 25, which is our answer.

AAditya Barot
Dec 14, 2013

Here we make an observation that if 5 is multiplied by 55 we get 275 which on dividing by 100 gets remainder 25 .Similarly if 5 is 1st multiplied by 55 and then by 555 and dividing the result with 100 we get remainder 75 . Hence, we can say that when 5 is multiplied by 555555...555555(n times) where n is even we always get remainder 25

Rindell Mabunga
Dec 14, 2013

Based on the properties of modulo:

5 = 5 ( m o d 100 ) 5 = 5 (mod 100)

55 = 55 ( m o d 100 ) 55 = 55 (mod 100)

555 = 55 ( m o d 100 ) 555 = 55 (mod 100)

and so on.

Therefore the remainder of 5 × 55 × 555 × . . . × 555...55 5 \times 55 \times 555 \times ... \times 555...55 given that the last term of the product has 5555 5555 digits is ( 5 × 55 × 55 × . . . × 55 ) ( m o d 100 ) (5 \times 55 \times 55 \times ... \times 55)(mod 100)

( 5 × 55 × 55 × . . . × 55 ) ( m o d 100 ) (5 \times 55 \times 55 \times ... \times 55)(mod 100) can have two values depending on the number of terms given that the number of terms is greater than 1 1

( 5 × 55 × 55 × . . . × 55 ) ( m o d 100 ) = 25 ( m o d 100 ) (5 \times 55 \times 55 \times ... \times 55)(mod 100) = 25(mod 100) if the number of terms is odd and

( 5 × 55 × 55 × . . . × 55 ) ( m o d 100 ) = 75 ( m o d 100 ) (5 \times 55 \times 55 \times ... \times 55)(mod 100) = 75(mod 100) if the number of terms is even.

The last term has 5555 digits made out of 5's. Therefore, the last number is the 555 5 t h 5555^{th} term, this makes the number of terms 5555. Based on the conditions given, the remainder is 25

Sunil Pradhan
Dec 14, 2013

when divided by 100 when number of 5's is odd then remainder is 75,

5 × 55 total 5's = 3

= 275 remainder is 75 when number of 5's even then remainder is 25

5 × 55 × 555 total 5's = 6

= 152625 remainder is 25

as there are 5555 in last term total number of 5's = 5555 × 5556/2 = 5555 × 2778 is even

so remainder is 25

(Y)

Adarsh mungriani - 7 years, 6 months ago

you can use Euler's totient function too (that is how I did it), but it is more complicated than the other solutions.

Bogdan Simeonov - 7 years, 6 months ago

Well... Firstly, try to think like this- 5X55 and the answer is 275 and reminder- 75; 5X55X555 and the answer is 152625 and reminder- 25; 5X55X555X5555 and the .... and reminder- 75; again, 5X55X555X5555X55555 and the .... and reminder- 25;

So we can see that, if the biggest number's number of digits are even then, the reminder is 75 and if it is odd, then the reminder is 25.

So, in the question biggest number has 5555 digits and it is odd.

So the reminder is 25 :D :D

Pietro Pepe
Dec 9, 2013

Original solution I guess:

First, we know that the rest when divided by 100 means the 2 last digit of the number. Let's write it differently:

5 5555 × ( 1 × 11 × 111 × . . . × 111....111 ) 5^{5555} \times (1 \times 11 \times 111 \times . . . \times 111....111)

Well, what are the last 2 digits of 5 5555 5^{5555} ? It's 25 of course, you can see this pattern on ( 5, 125, 625, 3125....) (because 25 × 5 25 \times 5 is 125, the 2 last digits won't change)

So we have (a number ending with 25) × ( 1 × 11 × 111 × . . . × 111....111 ) \times ( 1 \times 11 \times 111 \times . . . \times 111....111)

Now, what happens to the last 2 digits when you multiply a number by 11? Let's call the 2 last digits ( 2 and 5) as x and y. When multiplied by 11:

(. . . . . .) x y

(. . . .) x y (this corresponds to the sum you do on the paper after multiplying, (y + 0, x + y, ....))

Last digit (y) maintains and the other one (x) gets incremented by y

You can observe that the same thing happens with 111, 1111, and so on, for the last 2 digits

So we know already that the last digit of this multiplication is 5 The other one would be 2 plus 5 for each multiplication, being ( 7, 2, 7, 2, 7 ....)

We have 5554 multiplications ( 11 to 111....11 (5555 "one") ), so the digit will be 2

25 is the answer

wonderful how you see and explain this!

Beate Niklewicz - 7 years, 6 months ago
Alan Babu
Dec 8, 2013

5 55/100 = R-25,5 55*555/100=R- 75 PATTERN = 5,25,75,25,75 SO ANSWER = 25

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