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Algebra Level 4

S = 9 13 9 + 13 81 13 6561 + 13 43046721 . . . . . . . S = \displaystyle\sqrt{9 - \sqrt{\dfrac{13}{9} + \sqrt{\dfrac{13}{81} - \sqrt{\dfrac{13}{6561} + \sqrt{\dfrac{13}{43046721} - .......}}}}}

If S = a b S = \sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}} where a , b a, b are both primes, find a + b a + b .


The answer is 26.

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2 solutions

We can write the expression as S = 9 A 3 S = \displaystyle\sqrt{9 - \dfrac{A}{3}} ,

where A = 13 + 13 13 + 13 13 + . . . . . A = \displaystyle\sqrt{13 + \sqrt{13 - \sqrt{13 + \sqrt{13 - \sqrt{13 + .....}}}}} .

Now ( A 2 13 ) 2 = 13 A (A^{2} - 13)^{2} = 13 - A , which by observation has A = 4 A = 4 as a solution. (There is another positive solution, namely A = 53 1 2 A = \frac{\sqrt{53} - 1}{2} , but since this value is less than 13 \sqrt{13} it can be discarded.)

So S = 9 4 3 = 23 3 S = \displaystyle\sqrt{9 - \dfrac{4}{3}} = \displaystyle\sqrt{\dfrac{23}{3}} ,

and thus a + b = 23 + 3 = 26 a + b = 23 + 3 = \boxed{26} .

Awesome question! You combined 2 infinite nested radicals methods into 1! :D

Julian Poon - 6 years, 7 months ago

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Thanks, Julian. :)

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 7 months ago

excellent solution!!!!

Shreyansh Choudhary - 5 years, 7 months ago

that moment when I thought of I=4! true happiness! :)

SHIV GUPTA - 6 years, 6 months ago

Nice solution :) I did the same! Does anyone happen to know of a more 'economical' method for solving quartics however? My method is much too long-winded!

Andrew Williams - 6 years, 3 months ago

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For example, how did you know there was a solution of A=0.5(sq.rt(53)-1)?

Andrew Williams - 6 years, 3 months ago

a⁴-26a²+a+156=0 i.e. (a-4)(a³+4a²-10a-39)= (a-4)(a+3)(a²+a-13)=0 so a=(-1±√53)/2 OR YOU CAN FACTOR F(a)=a⁴-26a²+a+156 Put a=10, 7566=6 1261=6 13 97 Because 156=3 52=13*12 97+3=100 or 97+13=110 97=10²-3 or 97=10²+10-13 Now just check a⁴-26²+a+156 is divided by a²+a-13 Notist 6=10-4,13=10+3

Nikola Djuric - 4 years, 4 months ago
Mas Mus
May 2, 2015

S = 9 1 3 13 + 13 13 + 13 + S=\sqrt{9-\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{13+\sqrt{13-\sqrt{13+\sqrt{13+\ldots}}}}}

Let 13 + 13 13 + 13 + = x \sqrt{13+\sqrt{13-\sqrt{13+\sqrt{13+\ldots}}}}=x

also, let 13 13 + 13 + = y \sqrt{13-\sqrt{13+\sqrt{13+\ldots}}}=y

then, we see that

13 + y = x ( 1 ) \sqrt{13+y}=x~~~~~(1)

and

13 x = y ( 2 ) \sqrt{13-x}=y~~~~~(2)

squaring both ( 1 ) (1) and ( 2 ) (2) and subtract to get:

y + x = x 2 y 2 = ( x + y ) ( x y ) 1 = x y y = x 1 y+x=x^2-y^2=(x+y)(x-y)\\1=x-y\implies{y=x-1}

Substitution y = x 1 y=x-1 to ( 1 ) (1) , we have x 2 x 12 = 0 x^2-x-12=0 . So, we have x = 4 x=4 and x = 3 x=-3 . But, since S S is positive, then x x should be positive, so x = 3 x=-3 is discarded.

Finally, S = 9 1 3 × 4 = 23 3 S=\sqrt{9-\frac{1}{3}\times{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{23}{3}}

and, the required answer is 23 + 3 = 26 ~~23+3=\boxed{26}

Did Ramanujan had something to with this expression for S? I instantenously thought of him when i saw this problem

Djordje Hodes - 3 years, 10 months ago

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