A Maryland Problem (Edited)

The map above shows some of the biggest towns (cities) in the state of Maryland . Altogether there are 156 different towns in Maryland . Assuming there used to be absolutely no path connecting two random towns. People want to build one-way paths connecting the towns on condition that if there is a path from Annapolis to Baltimore and this path continues from Baltimore to Columbia then there is no other path from Annapolis to Columbia without passing Baltimore . Find the maximum number of possible paths, considering that any path can start at any town.


The answer is 8112.

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1 solution

Leah Jurgens
May 10, 2017

Assuming Annapolis be the town with the most paths (including paths starting from and paths leading to it). We divide the remaining towns into three group:

  • Group I I represents the towns whose paths start from Annapolis

  • Group I I II represents the towns whose paths lead to Annapolis

  • Group I I I III represents the towns whose paths don't start from or leads to Annapolis

Let m = I , n = I I , p = I I I m=|I|,n=|II|,p=|III| . We have: m + n + p = 155 m+n+p=155

We can imply there is no path within the towns of Group I I , as well as Group I I II

Because Annapolis is the town with the most paths (including paths starting from and paths leading to it) so m + n > m + p m+n>m+p and m + n > n + p m+n>n+p

= > => the number of possible paths maximise when the towns in Group I I I III connect with the towns in Group I I and I I II

The number of paths related with towns in Group I I I III doesn't exceed p . ( m + n ) p.(m+n) (Because we have assumed that Annapolis is the town with the most paths including paths starting from and paths leading to it ( m + n ) (m+n) )

The number of possible paths include:

  • Paths starting from or leading to Annapolis : m + n m+n

  • Paths related with towns in Group I I I III p . ( m + n ) \leq p.(m+n)

  • Paths between Group I I and I I II m . n \leq m.n

Therefore m + n + p . ( m + n ) + m . n = m . n + m . ( p + 1 ) + n . ( p + 1 ) ( m + n + p + 1 ) 2 3 = ( 156 ) 2 3 = 8112 m+n + p.(m+n) +m.n = m.n + m.(p+1) +n.(p+1) \leq \frac{(m+n+p+1)^2}{3} = \frac{(156)^2}{3} = \boxed{8112} a.k.a maximum number of possible paths. This happens when there are 52 towns in each group and towns in Group I I have paths to towns in Group I I II , towns in Group I I II have paths to towns in Group I I I III and towns in Group I I I III have paths to towns in Group I I

We can imply there is no path within the towns of Group I, as well as Group II

This is incorrect; it's possible that there are paths (in graph theory: arcs) in Group I. Suppose Baltimore and Columbia are both in Group I; it's perfectly possible to have a path from Baltimore to Columbia. The condition that no path goes back to itself (that is, there is no cycle in the graph) is not violated.

Ivan Koswara - 4 years, 1 month ago

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Thanks for your feedback. I have fixed the condition. The wrong condition makes people unable to solve this.

Leah Jurgens - 4 years, 1 month ago

What if we just left Columbia out of the network of roads? Then we could put 23870 roads in the network: a one way road from each town to each other town directly. I suppose the wording of the question should just entail that there be at least one path from any city to any other city.

Abel McElroy - 4 years ago

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