A classical mechanics problem by A Former Brilliant Member

A Geo-stationary satellite orbits around earth in a circular orbit of radius 36000km. Then the time period of a spy satellite orbiting a few hundred km above the earth's surface (Radius of earth = 6400km) will approximately be

4 h 0.5 h 1 h 2 h

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1 solution

Orbital velocity, V o = G M R V_o=\sqrt{ \frac{GM}{R}}

Time Period, T = 2 π R V o = 2 π R / G M R = 2 π G M R 3 2 T= \frac{2 \pi R}{V_o} = 2 \pi R/ \sqrt{ \frac{GM}{R}} = \frac{2 \pi}{ \sqrt{GM}} R^{ \frac{3}{2}}

Or T α R 3 2 T\ \alpha\ R^{ \frac{3}{2}}

Given that R 1 = 36000 k m ; T 1 = 24 h ; R 2 6400 k m ; T 2 = ? R_1 = 36000km;\ T_1=24 h;\ R_2 ~ 6400km;\ T_2=?

T 2 T 1 = ( R 2 R 1 ) 3 2 T 2 = 24 × ( 6400 36000 ) 3 2 T 2 = 1.79 h \frac{T_2}{T_1}= (\frac{R_2}{R_1})^{ \frac{3}{2}} \\ \\ \Rightarrow T_2 = 24 \times (\frac{6400}{36000})^{ \frac{3}{2}} \\ \\ \Rightarrow T_2 = 1.79 h

Notice that I have taken R 2 R_2 as 6400km, but it is more than 6400km. Since time period is directly proportional to R 3 2 R^{ \frac{3}{2}} , time period will be slightly higher than 1.79 h. So the answer is 2 h \boxed{2h} .

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