A calculus problem by Rajyawardhan Singh

Calculus Level 4

For positive integer k k , denote f ( k ) = lim n n k 0 1 / n x x + k 1 d x f(k) = \lim_{n\to\infty} n^k \int_0^{1/n} x^{x+k-1} \, dx

Submit your answer as 1 f ( 5 ) \left \lfloor \dfrac1{f(5)} \right \rfloor .

Notation: \lfloor \cdot \rfloor denotes the floor function .


The answer is 5.

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2 solutions

Mark Hennings
Mar 25, 2020

Since lim x 0 + x x = 1 \lim_{x \to 0+}x^x = 1 , for any ε > 0 \varepsilon > 0 we can find δ > 0 \delta > 0 such that x x 1 < ε |x^x - 1| < \varepsilon for 0 < x < δ 0 < x < \delta . Find N N N \in \mathbb{N} with N > δ 1 N > \delta^{-1} . If n N n \ge N then 1 ε k = ( 1 ε ) n k 0 1 / n x k 1 d x < n k 0 1 / n x x + k 1 d x < ( 1 + ε ) n k 0 1 / n x k 1 d x = 1 + ε k \frac{1-\varepsilon}{k} = (1 - \varepsilon)n^k \int_0^{1/n} x^{k-1}\,dx \; < \; n^k \int_0^{1/n} x^{x+k-1}\, dx \; < \; (1 + \varepsilon)n^k\int_0^{1/n}x^{k-1}\,dx \; = \; \frac{1+\varepsilon}{k} for any k > 0 k > 0 . Thus we deduce that f ( k ) = lim n n k 0 1 / n x x + k 1 d x = k 1 f(k) \; = \; \lim_{n \to \infty} n^k \int_0^{1/n} x^{x+k-1}\,dx \; = \; k^{-1} for all k > 0 k > 0 , making the required answer 5 \boxed{5} .

Thank you sir for providing a solution

Rajyawardhan Singh - 1 year, 2 months ago

Let z=1/t then t will tend to zero and then apply lopital rule and use lim z->0 z^z =1

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