A New Meaning to Complex Roots

Algebra Level 5

If real number k 1 k\ne 1 is chosen so that k 1 i \sqrt[1-i]{k} is real, then find the smallest possible positive value of k 1 i \lfloor\sqrt[1-i]{k}\rfloor .

Details and Assumptions

  • i = 1 i = \sqrt{-1} denotes the imaginary unit .
  • k k is being taken to the ( 1 i ) (1-i) th root.
  • \lfloor \cdot \rfloor denotes the floor function .
  • You may use a scientific calculator.


The answer is 535.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Nov 13, 2019

k 1 i = k 1 1 i = e ln k 1 i = e ln k 2 ( 1 + i ) = e ln k 2 e ln 2 2 i By Euler’s formula = e ln k 2 ( cos ln 2 2 + i sin ln 2 2 ) \begin{aligned} \sqrt[1-i] k & = k^\frac 1{1-i} = e^{\frac {\ln k}{1-i}} = e^{\frac {\ln k}2(1+i)} \\ & = e^{\frac {\ln k}2} \cdot \blue{e^{\frac {\ln 2}2i}} & \small \blue{\text{By Euler's formula}} \\ & = e^{\frac {\ln k}2} \blue{\left(\cos \frac {\ln 2}2 + i \sin \frac {\ln 2}2\right)} \end{aligned}

Therefore, k 1 i \sqrt[1-i] k is real when ln k = 2 n π \ln k = 2n\pi , where n n is an integer. For k 1 k \ne 1 , the smallest positive value of k 1 i \sqrt[1-i] k occurs when ln k = 4 π \ln k = 4\pi , and min k 1 i = e 2 π = 535 \min \left \lfloor \sqrt[1-i] k \right \rfloor = \lfloor e^{2\pi} \rfloor = \boxed{535} .

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