A number theory problem by Vu Vincent

Find the last 3 digits of

A = 3 × 7 × 11 × . . . × 2011 \large A = 3\times 7 \times 11\times ...\times 2011


The answer is 375.

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1 solution

Kushal Bose
Jun 23, 2017

Each term can be written as t n = 4 n 1 t_n=4n-1 where 1 n 503 1 \leq n \leq 503

When n = 2 k n=2k where n = 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , . . . . , 502 n=2,4,6,8,....,502 then t n = 8 k 1 1 ( m o d 8 ) t_n=8k-1 \equiv -1 \pmod{8}

When n = 2 k 1 n=2k-1 where k = 1 , 3 , 5 , . . . . . , 503 k=1,3,5,.....,503 then t n = 4 ( 2 k 1 ) 1 = 8 k 5 3 ( m o d 8 ) t_n=4(2k-1)-1=8k-5 \equiv 3 \pmod{8}

A ( 1 ) 251 × 3 252 1 × 9 126 1 7 ( m o d 8 ) A \equiv (-1)^{251} \times 3^{252} \equiv -1 \times 9^{126} \equiv -1 \equiv 7 \pmod{8}

Next part we have to find the remainder when A A is divided by 125 125

Clearly, A A has a term 375 = 4.94 1 375=4.94-1 which is divisible by 125 125 .So, A A is divisible by 125 125

After summarizing,

A 7 ( m o d 8 ) A 0 ( m o d 125 ) A \equiv 7 \pmod{8} \\ A \equiv 0 \pmod{125}

After getting some trials it can be found that only 375 375 satisfies the above two conditions.

Therefore, A 375 ( m o d 1000 ) A \equiv 375 \pmod{1000}

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