Find the largest possible number of factors of a positive integer such that each factor of the positive integer is two less than a prime.
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Firstly, the prime factors of N must be two less than a prime. This means that the prime factors are congruent to either 3 or 5 modulo 6. Also, if any of the factors were congruent to 1 modulo 6 other than 1, the number would not satisfy the condition. This is because it would be 2 less than a multiple of 3.
Other than 3, suppose that we have 2 other prime factors. Then they must be congruent to 5 modulo 6. However, their product is a factor and thus it would not satisfy the condition. Thus the number is either
(i) equal to p a
(ii) equal to 3 m p n
for some prime p>3 and positive integers a , m and n .
However, if a , n > 1 , p 2 is a factor of the integer and since p must be congruent to 5 modulo 6, p 2 is congruent to 1 mod 6 and adding 2 will result in a multiple of 3. Thus the condition will not be satisfied.
To maximise the number of factors, the positive integer must be of type (ii). However, if m > 4 , 3 5 = 2 4 3 is a factor and adding two will result in a multiple of 5. Thus the maximum possible value of a is 4.
We consider the case when m is 4. We want to prevent any factor from ending with a 3, other than 3, or 2 more than the factor will be a multiple of 5. So p cannot end with a 3. If it ends with a 7, let the factor be x. Since 9 is a factor, 9x which ends with 3 is a factor. Also, if p ends with 9, since 27 is a factor, their product, ending with 3, will also be a factor. Now we are left with 5. However, the positive integer would be 3 4 × 5 = 4 0 5 and 11 is a factor of 407. Thus m cannot be 4.
Note that 3 3 × 5 = 1 3 5 satisfies the condition. Thus the maximum number of factors is 8.