A logic problem by michael tesfa
A king wants his daughter to marry the smartest of 3 extremely intelligent young princes, and so the king's wise men devised an intelligence test.
The princes are gathered into a room and seated, facing one another, and are shown 2 black hats and 3 white hats. They are blindfolded, and 1 hat is placed on each of their heads, with the remaining hats hidden in a different room.
The king tells them that the first prince to deduce the color of his hat without removing it or looking at it will marry his daughter. A wrong guess will mean death. The blindfolds are then removed.
You are one of the princes. You see 2 white hats on the other prince's heads. After some time you realize that the other prince's are unable to deduce the color of their hat, or are unwilling to guess. What color is your hat?
Note: You know that your competitors are very intelligent and want nothing more than to marry the princess. You also know that the king is a man of his word, and he has said that the test is a fair test of intelligence and bravery.
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Answer: white hat
If you are wearing a black hat, one of the 2 other princes would see 1 black hat and 1 white hat. He would not be able to tell the color of the hat he's wearing from this. This would give the the remaining prince the idea that he is wearing a white hat because if he's also wearing a black hat, the other prince would be able to guess his hat's color since there are only 2 black hats.
Since none of them were unable to guess his hat's color, then each of them must have seen 2 white hats.