Really finding roots

Algebra Level 5

a + b + c = a b c a b + b c + c a = 1 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 \begin{aligned} a+b+c &=& abc \\ ab +bc + ca &=& 1 \\ a^2+b^2 + c^2 &=& 1 \\ \end{aligned}

Let a , b , c a,b,c be complex numbers satisfying the system of equations above. What is the value of a 2 + b 2 + c 2 |a|^2+|b|^2+|c|^2 ?


The answer is 5.

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1 solution

Tijmen Veltman
Apr 14, 2015

First of all, we have:

( a b c ) 2 = ( a + b + c ) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) = 3 (abc)^2=(a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ca)=3

hence a b c = a + b + c = ± 3 abc=a+b+c=\pm\sqrt3 . Applying Vieta, we see that a a , b b and c c are the roots of the polynomial

z 3 ( a + b + c ) z 2 + ( a b + b c + c a ) z ( a b c ) = z 2 z 2 3 + z 3 z^3-(a+b+c)z^2+(ab+bc+ca)z-(abc) = z^2\mp z^2\sqrt3+z\mp\sqrt3

= ( z 2 + 1 ) ( z 3 ) = ( z + i ) ( z i ) ( z 3 ) . =(z^2+1)(z\mp\sqrt3) =(z+i)(z-i)(z\mp\sqrt3).

Therefore, a , b , c a,b,c are equal to i , i i,-i and either 3 \sqrt3 or 3 -\sqrt3 . In any case, we obtain:

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 2 + 1 2 + 3 2 = 5 |a|^2+|b|^2+|c|^2=1^2+1^2+\sqrt3^2=\boxed{5} .

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