A Question about 2018, and Angles

Geometry Level 3

A semicircle with diameter A B = 2018 AB=2018 has 2 points X X and Y Y on its curved side with X A B = 3 8 \angle XAB = 38^\circ and Y A B = 1 8 . \angle YAB = 18^\circ. Let m m be the arc length of X Y . XY. Let n n be the length of the straight line X Y . XY .

Using your knowledge of angles and properties for different types of triangles, find m n m-n to 2 decimal places.

Hint: You might want to add some lines to make this question easier to solve.


The answer is 14.22.

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1 solution

Tom Engelsman
Feb 11, 2021

Let O O be center of this semicircle (with radius r = 1009 r=1009 ). Given that inscribed angle X A Y = 2 0 ° \angle{XAY} = 20^{\degree} \Rightarrow X Y ^ = 4 0 ° \widehat{XY} = 40^{\degree} and:

m = X Y ^ = r X O Y = 1009 ( 40 π 180 ) = 2018 π 9 m = |\widehat{XY}| = r \cdot \angle{XOY} = 1009 \cdot (40 \cdot \frac{\pi}{180}) = \frac{2018\pi}{9} .

Next, draw radius O O OO' such that O O X Y \overline{ OO'} \perp \overline{XY} at the point Z Z and O O \overline{OO'} bisects X O Y . \angle{XOY}. Using either one of right triangles O Z X , O Z Y \triangle{OZX}, \triangle{OZY} we find that:

n = X Y = 2 r sin X O Z = 2 r sin Y O Z = 2 ( 1009 ) sin ( 2 0 ° ) 690.2 n = |\overline{XY}| = 2r \cdot \sin \angle{XOZ} = 2r \cdot \sin \angle{YOZ} = 2(1009) \sin(20^{\degree}) \approx 690.2

Thus, m n = 2018 π 9 690.2 14.22 m-n = \frac{2018\pi}{9} - 690.2 \approx \boxed{14.22} .

N O T E : NOTE: The angle Y A B \angle{YAB} is entirely extraneous to our solution!

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